Executive Summary
Climate change has a great impact on trade and hospitality since most of the environmental resources are the main areas that boost tourism i.e. they are foundation of tourism and hospitality.
Many tourist attraction centers are contributed by the environmental appearance such as species of animals and plants which their survival and prevalence are contributed greatly by environmental factors. The way environment appears it’s the major determining factor of tourism attractiveness in the region. This mainly occurs to that tourist who is nature-based which is the main market of tourism in most parts of the world. Setting of nature is a very critical factor while establishing the nature of tourism that is offered in a specific region. Climatic change within different regions of the world has resulted to disruption of the tourism sector which mainly depends on the nature as the center of it attraction. Most of the tourists visit the country due to beautiful sceneries that are nature-based and therefore when nature is interfered with a lot of changes take place in tourism and hospitality sector. Hospitality is adversely affected by climatic conditions since in most cases those who are operating in those sectors are cautious of the nature of climatic conditions within different times of the year since change in climate can affect their business greatly
Scenario of tourist attraction can be altered by change of climatic condition. In case of global warning, the climatic condition becomes too hot whereby it leaves animals those which are in parks and natural habitats to lack adequate food and water which result in death. In some cases it results in hibernation of animals and this demoralizes those tourists who visit the country since they are no form of attraction which they expect.
Nature-based tourist is the core of tourism sector and therefore its anticipated that by 2020 if the type of climate change continues the same, there will be few or no environmental-based tourist attraction centers in most parts of the world. Global warming has resulted from excessive emission of harmful gases which accumulate in the environment and cause distortion of ozone layer. When this layer is affected, the impact is felt greatly on the climate since it will result to warming of the environment. When this happens the effect is felt in both plants and animals which are the main tourist attraction center. This brings the marketability of the tourism sector down since not many people will be willing to visit places that are not attractive as before. Due to the scarcity of these important sites of the tourist and hospitality sectors are overcharging those who visit the scenes since not many people are visiting these regions and they want to make profit.
Introduction
Climate change has a great impact on tourism and hospitality since it interferes with various attraction centers of tourists. Climate change has great impact on ecosystem of the country which interferes with those animals in the national park. Change in climate has created avalanche risk of tourists visiting some of the countries (Bassett, 2007). These changes have resulted in great impact on both vegetation and hydrology of most of the areas especially mountains. There are some key trends and issues which have implications on hospitality and tourism and there aspects are discussed widely in the discussion section of this paper. These trends and issues have some similarities and differences which helps one to relate them together and give a conclusive comment on implications that they have in hospitality and tourism and by analyzing these trends and issues the CEO in the department of tourism and hospitality can be able to come up with a conclusive report on the future of tourism and hospitality in relation to climate changes which are taking place globally today. Climatic change will definitely affect tourism and hospitality sectors. Trends and issues that are established by different sectors are meant to come up with various ideas that can help both the tourism and hospitality sector to come up with measures that they can take to help in dealing with the issue of climate change which is mostly affecting the sector of tourism and hospitality.
Discussion
Key trends and issues from academic perspective
Airline
Airline services in most of the tourism sector are the basic form of transport since most of them come from outside the country. Use of aircraft results to a lot of emission of carbon to the atmosphere which is one of the major causes of global warming which results to climate change ( Parry ,2008).
On the other hand government imposes a lot of tax to airlines so that they can cater for the carbon emitted in return most of experts tend to argue that the expenses of aircraft go high which results from increased amount of money on airline tickets. This affects tourism and hospitality since not many people who would desire to travel to various destinations as tourists will afford the high amount changed on the aircraft ticket. This has lead to reduced number of tourism in recent years. Therefore according to academicians’ aircraft which are mainly used by tourism and according to research they emit less carbon as compared to that emitted in industries, should be relieved off these taxes so that travel expenses can be curbed and this will encourage more tourism to visit areas of their choice.
Carry out research holding panels
Experts believe that various international organizations should try and come up with ways of researching so that they can come up with implications that are portrayed in both tourism and climate change (Eclat. 2008). This can be done in various academic institutions and in nongovernmental organizations. Intergovernmental panels should be held so that they can evaluate these impacts of the climate change. By debating on major causes of climate change, a solution can be sought which will help the government and the tourism sector to deal with these aspects of climate change to maintain their trade. Therefore academicians are trying to carry out these researches so that they can try to assist the government on trying to reduce the effect of climate change and also the hospitality and tourism sector on how to deal with the issue of climate change.
For example, the issue of rising sea in Italy has led to reduced number of tourists visiting the region which is a major tourist attraction center. The Venice city in Italy is usually affected by the rising sea which hinders the tourist from visiting the city which has adversely affected the income of the country. The government is trying to carry out some research so that it can determine the exact cause of climate change which is causing the sea to rise. The government of Italy is also trying to construct gates that will prevent big tides and water from entering the city where they can cause destruction and prevent the tourist from visiting those areas.
Encouraging hospitality and tourism sector
Experts on climate change have drafted various ways of trying to advise the hospitality and tourism industry on way forward on how to adjust their activities using energy-efficient and better technologies which will reduce the effect of climate change in the country. When these effects are reduced hospitality and tourism sector can regain its earlier profitability. Hospitality and trade can be boosted when the government tries to deal with these issues. For Example, in Northern Canada and Alaska, the issue of melting ice in Arctic has caused a lot of environmental problems which has lead to some animals such as bears which attract tourists to the region to migrate and also tourist goes there to find out about the traditions of the Inuit who live in that region. When the ice melt due to a change in climate, tourists are not attracted to these sites and therefore government has to take measures to ensure that such problems are dealt with so that tourism and hospitality can be encouraged.
Advising general public
Experts should come forward and ensure that they are advising general public on how to minimize the rate of air pollution in the country which is the main cause of global warming public can be educated on use of renewable energy which will result in minimization of the risk of air pollution which will curb the incidence of climate change this has adversely affected tourism and hospitality industry (Medlik, Lockwood A.2001).
For example, the general public should be advised to use those sources of fuel that does not emit a lot of carbon to the atmosphere to reduce the effect of global warming.
Key trends and issues on industry and/or government perspective
Reduce Pollution
Industries emit harmful gases which accumulate in air and have caused a lot of changes in the environment since it has resulted in climate change (Gossling & Peters, 2007). Carbon dioxide which is the main gas emitted by most industries has contributed greatly to global warnings which has affected most of scenarios which are tourist attraction centers. Therefore, industries should come up with alternative form of fuel which does not emit much of these gases in the environment.
In the government’s perspective, they must come up with a way which will reduce effect of pollution. This can be done by imposing taxes on those industries with large emissions so that they can try to deal with the issue. When efforts are made to reduce the effect of pollution in the environment, most of the natural habitats including plants and animals can be saved which will increase the number of tourists visiting certain countries which are the major tourist attraction centers. For example coral reef beaches are adversely affected by climate change and tourists have a feeling that this will alter their future tourist destination site. This effect has affected some places such as Bonaire and Barbados but the government is trying to put up measures to reduce this effect by trying to advise people and industries on way forward of reducing the effect of global warming.
Holding conferences
The government should come up with a way of ensuring that the risk of climate change is addressed on the way it affects the development (Viner, & Nicholls, 2006). Tourism sector is facing great challenges in taking an action on climate change which has adversely affected the sector of tourism. Holding of conferences can help in determining way forward of boosting the sector under these adverse conditions. According to the meeting held at Davos on 3rd October 2007, stated that tourism sector should come up with a way of responding to the climate change if it has to grow. This can only be facilitated by the government and response of industries to reduce emissions which will reduce the effect of climate change. Marine protected islands are also being created on reef-based tourism so that they can maintain healthy coral reefs.
Improving energy efficiency in industries
Industries should come up with measures of improving energy resources used in industries this can be enhanced by use of new technologies which are available to reduce emission of gases in the air which changes the climatic condition of a given area. For example, as an initiative factor, the hotel industry has established beach mark to measure the amount of energy reduction progress for example, Colorado-based Xaterra park is a company which has established track for energy reduction in terms of the impact it creates rather than the cost it calculates it hazardous waste and other environmental measures. By doing this the hotel can try and reduce it hazardous emission by using alternative source of fuel which will reduce pollution in the atmosphere.
Financing poor region
There are some countries which have potential sites for tourist attraction but due to lack of enough funds to control the effect of climate change in those countries, they end up neglecting this sector
Poverty in most countries has contributed to the effect of climate change. This is evidenced when poor regions turn to those cheap energy sources with a lot of harmful emissions in the environment. Therefore, government should take initiative of funding those regions so that they can afford better and improved forms of fuel which will hence reduce emissions in the environment. When the government fund such initiatives environment can be saved greatly from the risk of pollution. By combating poverty carbon footprints can be reduced (Buhalis, & Costa). This can make great contribution to the conservation of natural resources which are main attraction centers for tourists. The conference can help in reviewing successes that are attained and responses which need to be implemented.
Comparison of trends and issues of those raised by academics and those of industry and government
Similarities
Those trends and issues that are raised by academics and government which are similar are the issues of holding seminars, conferences and advising general public. These trends can result in similar outcomes since both of them are meant to inform individuals and the government on various ways that they can apply in dealing with the issue of tourism and hospitality. These trends and issues that are raised are quite similar since they are aimed at having an environment that is less polluted so that climatic conditions can be maintained which will boost trade in industrial sector.
Both the academic perspective and government perspective have aimed at trying to involve hospitality and tourism sector in trying to manage climate change so that they can reduce the effect impacted on the sector by the change of climate (UNWTO 2007). Both trends have emphasized governmental regulations whereby government has to come in trying to regulate the effect of emission of gases which result to global warming. They involve taxation of those industries and sectors which are contributing to emission of gases so that they can minimize these emissions to avoid high taxation rates.
Differences
There are a number of differences on key issues raised by academics and research. From the academic perspective, they argue out that research should be caused by experts so that they can come up with a minimal way of alternating problems faced by tourism sector as a result of climate change. While industrial and governmental perspectives do not believe in this since they believe that these problems have already been identified and the way forward is to seek solutions for them so that they can be dealt with completely. They believe in solving environmental problems which will hence solve climate change-released problems in the sector of hospitality and trade.
From the government’s perspective they believe that their problems are caused by the fact that some countries are poor and through governmental funding and assistance, they can reduce the effect that these poor people contribute to the environment. Whereby from academic perspective, they believe that the effect can be reduced through advice to various bodies which are involved in curbing the global problem of climate change. These differences need to be examined so that when combined they can be evaluated to come up with a more efficient and effective way of dealing with the issue of climate change to boost the sector of hospitality and trade.
Workshop
From the academic perspective, it has been noted that research is the key thing that can help hospitality and tourism. By carrying out the research on various causes of climate change and their adverse effect in tourism and hospitality, Experts can be able to advise the government and industry on key measures which need to be considered in ensuring that these problems are solved. Research can also help in coming up with various ways of implementing necessary changes on the environment to reduce the effect of contamination some of the research which needs to be carried out are the core cause of climate change which is known to be the main controller of tourism. Quote a large portion of tourism industry is greatly controlled by climatic condition and therefore research on cause, impact and dealing with these changes can be the main thing that will help in boosting the sector of hospitality and tourism.
Another trend that can help in alternating problems posed by change in climate of climate is restricting industries and other sectors such as airline services from emitting dangerous gases which have increased the effect of global warming which is the major cause of climate change.
Therefore, if these issues are addressed they can be dealt with quite well which will reduce the effect from being experienced in future.
Conclusion
For quite a long time, it has been noted that tourism is controlled by climate and therefore, utterance in climatic conditions can cause lot of dropdown in this sector. Therefore, experts and government industries should invent a way of trying to deal with these problems which bring about climate change so that they can restore back this sector to its original position which it was initially before mankind interfered with the environment which has caused a lot of changes. Tourism and hospitality sector needs a lot of considerations by the government so that it can be enhanced which will bring a lot of revenue to the government. By coming up with various ways of dealing with the effects of climate change the economy of the country can be raised drastically.
Trends and issues raised need to be followed efficiently which will help in dealing with the issue of climate change to boost sector of hospitality and tourism.
References
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Bassett, M., 2007, “Sea change”. Corporate Meetings and Incentives, 20-25.
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