Introduction
Tobacco is one of the leading misused substances in the world today. Nearly 50% of adults in the United States are active smokers (Hersi et al., 2019). Hence, smoking cigarettes is a clinical issue because excessive smoking has been proven to cause various chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, and other reproductive issues (Tattan-Birch et al., 2022). Therefore, this project strives to shed light on the importance of available stop smoking interventions on human life. According to Hersi et al. (2019), the research found that about 45,500 deaths in Canada in 2012 were caused by tobacco smoking. Moreover, the researchers acknowledged that, tobacco smoking would be the leading cause of preventable deaths and disability among youths and adults.
PICOT Question
In persons aged 25-65 years (P), what is the importance of stop smoking interventions (I) compared to the use of nicotine cigarettes (C) as comfortability of these individuals are concerned (O) over one year (T)? This project is built based on the associated health threats inherent in human lives due to cigarette abuse. Therefore, this paper outlines the benefits of stop smoking intervention among adults addicted to smoking cigarettes.
In investigating ‘stop smoking interventions’ on the named age bracket, Cochrane, a nursing journal database, which provides trusted pieces of evidence that help nurses make informed decisions to better health, was visited. The keywords and terms for this search were ‘tobacco,’ ‘cessation,’ and ‘stop smoking among adults.’ The search yielded many articles and journals relevant to the study, scrutinized based on content and year of publication.
Evaluating the importance and effectiveness of ‘stop smoking interventions’ consists of two stages. According to Hersi et al. (2019), the first stage involves systematic reviews of the benefits and harm of the proposed interventions. The second stage is updating the systematic review on electronic cigarettes. Both randomized and nonrandomized control trials will be the basis for evaluating the harms associated with the proposed intervention. Smoking cessation is defined as the act of quitting or a pause in the use of tobacco (Lindson et al., 2021). Smoke cessation is essential as smokers’ lives are concerned. It reduces their risk of smoking-linked diseases and anticipated deaths, and as such, the need for stop smoking interventions.
Several ‘stop-smoking interventions can be put in practice today to save the dying population—the first known intervention is the use of approved pharmacotherapies. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and Cytisine are the most common and available over-the-counter. NRT and Cytisine administer nicotine reduce tobacco cravings. Electronic cigarettes are another intervention used to control the use of nicotine cigarettes. E-cigarettes are non-nicotine delivery systems that several smokers can employ to initiate tobacco quitting. E-cigarette devices can provide similar behavioral and sensory cues of smoking but at no or little nicotine content. In addition, e-cigarettes also reduce exposure to harmful toxins such as carbon monoxide and formaldehyde (Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2021). However, studies have presented that some e-cigarettes contain toxic metals, including nickel, cadmium, chromium, lead, and manganese. Finally, behavioral therapies could also be used for tobacco cessation. This may include the determination to stop smoking to improve one’s health. Moreover, counseling and creating awareness on the effects of smoking also helps the pinned age group to quit smoking.
Tobacco addiction is the main force that gives the urge to smoke. According to Hartmann-Boyce et al. (2021), nicotine is the main active ingredient in tobacco that causes addiction. Moreover, the study finds that quitting tobacco instantly is a nightmare for many smokers. Therefore, NTR and Cytisine reduce the urge for smoking among active smokers. Thus, over time, many smokers get used to break the ties of addiction and, in the long run, quitting smoking (Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2021). The introduction of e-cigarettes also has been found to help smokers quit and reduce the smoking-related effects. E-cigarettes contain no or little content of nicotine. Therefore, e-cigarettes devices as an intervention for quitting tobacco use enable smokers to adapt to low nicotine levels and, over repeated times, help them quit smoking. Finally, behavioral changes and creating awareness of the effects of tobacco in society also play a significant role in curbing smoking. Most peers and adults get influenced by their colleagues not knowing the effects of tobacco smoking on their lives (Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2021). Therefore, teaching the community about the harmful effects of smoking discourages young recruits from smoking and as such saving lives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, tobacco smoking is detrimental to health, especially those diagnosed with chronic diseases. Moreover, smoking predisposes to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, reproductive issues, and malignant respiratory disease. Therefore, the need to stop smoking interventions in the United States and the entire world is necessary. Some identified interventions are approved pharmacotherapies, e-electronic cigarettes, and behavioral change. In connection to the clinical issue in question, the stop smoking interventions reduce the number of tobacco smokers and hence cut the number of populations affected by smoke-related diseases. Therefore, stop smoking intervention nurtures a healthy world with reduced chronic diseases and premature deaths due to smoking in the long run.
References
Hartmann-Boyce, J., McRobbie, H., Butler, A., Lindson, N., Bullen, C., & Begh, R. et al. (2021). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(2), pp. 487-502.
Hersi, M., Traversy, G., Thombs, B., Beck, A., Skidmore, B., & Groulx, S. et al. (2019). Effectiveness of stop smoking interventions among adults: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and an updated systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), pp. 130-167.
Lindson, N., Pritchard, G., Hong, B., Fanshawe, T., Pipe, A., & Papadakis, S. (2021). Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021(9), pp. 67-89.
Tattan-Birch, H., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Kock, L., Simonavicius, E., Brose, L., & Jackson, S. et al. (2022). Heated tobacco products for smoking cessation and reducing smoking prevalence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(1), pp. 27-49.