Research methodology The systematic way of solving one’s research problems is defined as one’s research methodology. It denotes the procedures that researchers use to explain, predict, and describe the phenomenon. Therefore, research methodology guides the process of gathering knowledge. Research methods may be identical in two papers but their methodology...
Rules NY CLS Bus-Corp §403 (a) requires that on signing the certificate of incorporation which will be delivered to the department state, the incorporators should not only provide their names but also their address. NY CLS Bus-Corp §403 (a) (7) also requires that the certificate of incorporation shall set forth...
Introduction Companies undertake business based on strategy and goals laid down by different shareholders. Since, companies involve a lot of stakeholders such as directors, employees and consumers they have to be bound by certain rules, laws and regulations. In Australia, the Corporations Act is the law that governs the formation,...
Introduction In intellectual property law, copyright is one of most discussed areas in industries where it applies. The industries that mainly use the laws are mainly the software industry and the entertainment industry. Piracy in the entertainment industry has ensured that the industry remains conservative on the copyright culture. The...
A plea bargain is an agreement made in a criminal court whereby the defendant if offered a chance to plead guilty by the prosecutor. By doing this, the defendant is sentenced to a lesser charge or he may be prosecuted to the original charge but not a maximum sentence. A...
Recent advances in health care in the United States are presented by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010. In particular, the Act provides coverage for people regardless of medical position, gender, age, and pre-existing conditions. The reform also guarantees individual mandate health insurance for individuals (American...
Introduction Intellectual property is a broad term that designates intangible resources, for instance, literary works, artistic works, and scientific innovations, whose value depends on human creativity and are protected under intellectual property rights. Intellectual property entails all creations resulting from human brain power1. Intellectual property rights aims at rewarding the...
In the US, the right to counsel is protected by the fifth and sixth constitutional amendments. According to these amendments, every defendant has a right to be represented by a lawyer. When a defendant cannot afford to hire a counsel, the government should meet his or her legal expenses (Tomkovicz,...
The criminal justice system specifies the responsibilities of all members who take part in court proceedings. Some of these responsibilities include collecting evidence, reporting crimes, carrying out trials and sentencing (Carlson, 2005). The chief goal of any criminal justice system is to enhance public security by cutting down rates of...
Introduction Intellectual property is someone’s original creation. It could be creative writing, certain words or phrases, a piece of art, or lyrics of a song. Intellectual property like any other property needs to be protected in order to accord the owner maximum benefit from it. Unauthorised use of intellectual property...
The Fourth Amendment is a part of the Bill of Rights, which is a section of the American constitution. It states that people and their property need to be safe and should not be subjected to unfair search and seizure. In addition, it states that a search warrant should be...
Introduction Identity theft is the act of someone acquiring or stealing another person’s personal information and using it for his/her own gain without the permission of the victim. Identity theft has become one of the biggest problems for organizations and individuals to grapple with because of its economic implications as...
Racial and ethnical prejudice The criminal justice system of the United States has made significant leaps in its legal system overhaul in past years. However, the issue of racial and ethnical prejudice continues to haunt the system (Cole et al, 2012, p.52). The various criminal justice agencies experience challenges while...
International Rules about the Trademark Background Business world has increasingly become competitive as new firms get into the market with products that are already in existence. According to Howell (2012, p. 42), the end of the Second World War saw the world being turned into a small global village where...
Abstract Airline deregulation in the United States was established to correct the market defects caused by the government’s direct control over the aviation industry. Original practices in the industry were eliminated paving way for lower fares charged by carriers. The barriers to the market were broken creating a free entry...
The problem of juvenile delinquency and crime is attributed with a crucial significance nowadays because of the increase of its rates in all the countries of the world. Scientists and criminologists try to solve this problem by looking for some ways to stop the growth of juvenile delinquency besides criminal...
Introduction Post partum disorders are becoming a common concern especially due to their consequences which include committing suicide and infanticide. Attempts have been made to treat and where possible avoid such disorders taking place. This article will briefly outline the steps which can be taken to treat one such disorder:...
Introduction to Saudi Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principle This chapter will offer a historical background to commercial law as well as the legal system and system of government in Saudi Arabia. This will include the establishments that govern laws and hierarchy of laws in Saudi Arabia. Also, this chapter...
A Contract I would like to start by stating that a contract is an agreement voluntarily entered into by two or more parties. This is with the intention of fulfilling an obligation binding them legally (Fruedwald 2009). In most cases, contracts are written. However, there are exceptional cases where contracts...
“Large business owners, small enterprise proprietors, lobbyists, communicators all protocols observed it is my pleasure to welcome you to this auspicious occasion. It will be of enormous interest to know that, it was not until the mid-last year when Africa rose to a new dawn in understanding the fact that...
A research process is a study based on scientific survey backed by a logic explanation of cause and reaction. In any research, there has to be an initial assumption of the possible occurrences. These assumptions in research are referred to hypothesis. After formulating an assumption or a hypothesis, the researcher...
Introduction Consumer protection is one of the most fundamental parts of a country’s business law (Gibson & Fraser 2011). Generally, consumers are protected for the simple reason that they have no power against large corporations which may impose unfair contractual terms in their dealings with them (Ardagh 2001). In Australia,...
Introduction This research tackles Title IX and its scope in America It has discussed the impact this Law has impacted on the American people and the benefits that have come along with the Law. Still, however, there are some shortcomings that the research cannot fail to reflect. Title IX Title...
Introduction The juvenile justice system was developed with the main aim of diverting or correcting young offenders. The system encouraged rehabilitation of the youth depending on their crime and personal needs. The juvenile justice system has been of great help to the entire nation hence its future should be seriously...
Introduction Crime has remained a major problem throughout human history. This has generated significant concern in the United States and other parts of the world. Due to the wide range of effects emanating from crime, most researchers have spent their time and resources studying the nature of crime and its...
Introduction According to Mathewson (2009), the American nation has its foundation rooted in the premise of freedom for all and a justice system that seeks to empower all citizens and safeguard their interests. In addition, it is alleged that the American Constitution applies to every individual within the United States...
Introduction After the terrorist tragedies of September 11, 2001, congress endorsed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which gave the President the power of utilizing all required and suitable power against those who organized, permitted, dedicated, or assisted the terrorist strikes against the U.S. Shortly afterwards, President Bush passed...
Crime is all over. There is not a single place where an act of crime is not reported. This may range from crimes of murder, burglary, arson, rape, larceny, and hate crime among others. This essay will talk about the Federal Bureau of Investigations’ Uniform Crime Report on hate crime....
Undisputed Facts This was a case in which the plaintiff employee sued the defendant’s employer for negligence, which resulted in the plaintiff’s injury. Even though most of the issues that arose from the different sides, the side of the plaintiff and that of the defendant, seem to disagree, there were...
History of Stem Cell Research Legislation Stem cell research is a study on human embryonic stem cells conducted by USA researchers in the 1960s. This resulted in several complaints being filed concerning the research. In return, many questions emerged about these cells by the researchers. In 1968, they achieved a...
Abstract This research proposal shall start by providing a review of various studies that have been conducted regarding the aspect of restorative justice. This proposal shall also establish the research question and hypotheses that will be aimed at guiding the research study. In addition, the subjects of the research and...
Criminals are more often than not considered outcasts of society because their behavior does not conform to societal laws. Unfortunately, society fails to recognize its influence in shaping the behavior of these criminals. Sutherland investigated criminal behavior and eventually came up with the differential association theory. Understanding differential theory as...
Introduction There are many conventional, traditional, and customary rules formulated to regulate the utilization of water-related resources of different nations. However, the majority are dictated by people’s perceptions towards the issue of sovereignty of states. Applicability of such laws in Saudi Arabia, therefore, means that acts amounting to aquatic pollution...
Criminal justice system performs three distinctive roles. These roles include investigations of crimes, prosecution of offenders and delivery of punishment to individuals who are proven guilty of committing an offence. In other words, the main function of a criminal justice system is to ensure that every citizen is protected. This...
The amendment object was clearly aimed at the enforcement of complete equality before the statutes of the whites and the blacks, but due to some natural circumstances, distinctions on the basis of color could not be abolished. Likewise, enforcement of social equality or bringing the two races together under circumstances...
When one talks of due process or getting “due rights”, it simply implies the legal proceedings that they feel are justly entitled to them in their interaction with the law. In other words, this is what Due Process means. The Due Process is characterized by the thinking that the rights...
Predatory Pricing and Bidding Process The economic issues that need to be addressed in case scenario I are predatory pricing and the bidding process (OECD 1989, p.6). Predation refers to lowering of the price of a commodity to such a low level that competitors opt to exit the market. In...
Introduction The basic principle followed in the interpretation of a contract is that it is a contract drawn up for the benefit of two parties.1 It is a legal document that spells out the obligation that both parties are supposed to perform to produce a certain action or benefit.2 The...
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) addresses a number of urgent problems facing the nation’s health care scheme, for example lack of admittance to health care related insurance coverage. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act guarantees that every American has access to excellence, reasonable health...
The common law in the United States traces its origin to England in the Great Britain. The common law came into being when the Normans conquered England and legal systems were installed. The common law was put in place to take consideration of the local environment of the crime and...
Introduction Crime has been with humankind since time immemorial. Chester & Michael (2007) define crime as an act of a person(s) that has a negative implication on another or others, and is considered legally as thus and therefore would warrant some degree of punishment depending on its intensity. A crime...
Introduction According to some scholarly writings, international commercial arbitration has become a preferred means of settling international commercial disputes. In this regard, these scholarly works suggest that international commercial arbitration has several advantages over the domestic court systems. This paper shall explore whether or not international commercial arbitration has become...
Types of police agencies There are different police agencies in the local, state, and federal levels. These agencies differ from one another with regards to their organization and responsibilities. The different police agencies are also different with regards to jurisdiction and operations. The local police force is made up of...
Introduction In this case study, an office assistant for Dr. Williams called Jerry is trained as a medical assistant and is a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). Jerry is covering for a receptionist who has gone out for lunch and in the event he is faced with a difficult situation to...
Introduction The United Kingdom (UK) constitution plays an important roin in regulating, distributing, and organizing the power wielded by the state. Studies indicate that like many other constitutions across the world, the constitution of the UK structures major institutions of the state including the state itself and sets up governing...
Abstract It is to be noted that in the year 2010, about 4,700 deaths occurred due to underage drinking. Although underage drinking is prohibited in the US, it is a known fact that about eleven percent of the total alcohol consumption is being consumed by adolescents. According to the recent...
Introduction Judicial activism refers to circumstances that surround decisions made by judges in different states and judicial systems, and the impacts of the judicial systems on different arms of government and the public in general. Judicial activism has been defined differently by scholars though all definitions centers on the judiciary...
Introduction According to Shippey (2009, p.1) an Intellectual Property (IP) refers to a product of the mind. Intellectual properties are unique in that they are a product of creativity and inventiveness. They can either be represented by images, artistic works, images inventions, names, symbols, and designs that are used in...
Introduction There are various similarities between plagiarism and copyrighting, though the two have different definitions. Plagiarism can be defined as the use or representation of another person’s work without giving proper credit to the original author or by failing to cite the source. Copyright on the other hand is a...
The law of the US is a complex system that contains many levels and is documented in the Constitution, which is considered by the federal government, the Senate, executive branches, and federal judiciary. The unique nature of the American legal system prioritizes common law and precedent, while the roles of...
Knowledge can be defined as the accumulation of facts, figures, descriptions and information regarding a particular event, precedent, item or person and as such can be considered a practical understanding of a given subject matter. Yet what must be understood is that there are inherent variances in the types of...
The law of contract requires that the parties to the contract are competent to make a binding contract; in the case of Georgia and Malcolm, both are portrayed to have competence in making the contract. Both parties were of sound mind and the age of majority (Fafinski & Emily, 2009)....
Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of the American Court System. The discussion will focus on the judiciary of the United States at the two levels namely the Federal level and the state level. It will be argued that the American court system is highly decentralized to...
Introduction on the Nature and Definition of Racial Profiling Racial profiling is an issue that is not only complex, but also multifaceted. Professionally based police practices and devoted police officers have been on the forefront, in making our communities a safe place to live. Most of the police officers are...
Introduction The UAE labour law has many errors and omissions, which need to be revised in order to benefit all stakeholders. The UAE relies mostly on cheap labor from countries in South Asia and other regions in the world. Therefore, the labor laws need to be revised to suit every...
Introduction In dealing with crime, there are several approaches which are usually adopted by law enforcing agencies as defined by the supreme law of any country. These laws are not only important in recovering evidence and ultimately catch up with criminals, but also endeavor to protect the rights of the...
Introduction The criminal justice system is one of the areas of administration that requires a code of ethics. In past years, several research studies have been conducted to study the relationship between ethics and professional behavior in the criminal justice system. Ethics is vital in the criminal justice because law...
Introduction The issue of prison crowding has taken a central place in the criminal justice debate over the past decade. Most of the states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have reported serious overcrowding problems with complaints by prisoners and administrators growing in intensity as the rate of prison growth...
Introduction A mere mention of the word euthanasia draws everyone’s attention to the assisted suicide battle that featured in 1990, the main antagonist being Jack ‘Doctor Death’ Kevorkian. The question of whether doctors or any other person should really help others die has elicited emotive debates since time immemorial. The...
Introduction A contract refers to an agreement formulated voluntarily by two or more people, the main intention being the desire to create a legal obligation. A contract, in most cases, has elements in writing. However, on some occasions, it may be made orally, provided the parties involved come into a...
As the range of EU competences broaden in the field of employment and industrial relations, EU law is seen to replace national labour laws increasingly as the future progresses (Eurofound, 2011). The passing of the Equal Pay act in 1970 preceded UK’s entry to the European Union in 1973, the...
Introduction The US Department of State’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor publish yearly reports on the state of human rights practices in different countries of the world. The 2010 report on the state of human rights in the UAE is most disturbing due to the things that were...
The most common method used to deter crime is the combined efforts of law enforcement agencies and the judiciary. In an ideal situation, these two forces create a deterrent that reduces the number of criminals in the streets and at the same time, creates fear in the hearts and minds...
Introduction Employment law, also called the labor law, is the body made up of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents that safeguard the legal rights of the employers and the employees. Labor law mediates many aspects of the relationship between employers, employees, and trade unions. The main aim of the labor...
The International Labor Organization deals with the working conditions, freedom of organizing, maternity protection, child labor, social security discrimination and so much more and won a Nobel Peace prize in 1969. The organization was formed by the League of Nations after World War I as a treaty of Versailles. The...
There are several forms of business entities that govern the operation of various business organizations in the world today. Research asserts that the majority of the large businesses operate either as corporations, partnerships, or limited liability companies (LLC). The main differences among the three entities occur in the formation requirements,...
Introduction Law enforcement is one of the most challenging activities in most nations. Crime has been on the rise and has been a wakeup call for governments to step-up policing in their respective nations (Palmiotto & Unnithan, 2011). There is complexity in enforcing law in the US due to existence...
Introduction In law, a person is responsible for his rights and his liabilities. He/she therefore stands a chance to enjoy the rights and privileges that come with this doctrine or suffer the consequences of his actions once he/she breaches the laws that have been set to act as rules and...
Introduction A clear definition of the term “human rights” is one of the major factors that contribute to upholding the values of members of a given society and, indeed, the entire universe. However, describing the difference between social and human rights necessitates thoughtfulness because it is compounded with conflicting inferences....
Community-oriented policing is a collaborative work of the community and the police to identify and solve an issue. This branch of policing was initially established as an alternative to the traditional models of policing and helped in establishing the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. The act put...
Introduction The American judicial system has two types of courts, federal courts and state courts. They work together in strengthening the justice system in the country. Federal courts use laws that are binding to all the citizens while state courts operate on laws designed specifically for particular states. This paper...
Abstract The transfer of risk is a concept that has many theories attached to it. It has to be understood from its practical significance. It is in the risk establishment that the different parties get to understand their duties in the contract and the repercussions of not adhering to the...
Introduction Euthanasia is one of the controversial and widely contested issues in legal circles across the world. The United States is not an exception, as many state governments have made numerous efforts to develop effective policies and legislation geared towards addressing the issue. Mercy killing or the act of painlessly...
Introduction The following paper is a study of the different theories that have been propounded in an attempt to understand the concept of leadership, specifically how good leadership plays a pivotal role in conflict resolution in any workplace. The paper undertakes to examine how different leadership approaches are manifested in...
Abstract This presentation dwells upon some differences between such types of the court systems as criminal, civil, trial, appeals, courts of last resort, courts of general jurisdiction, courts of specific jurisdiction. Focus of the court The criminal court focuses on criminal issues including but not confined to assault, theft, robbery,...
Introduction The companies that operate in the industry of airlines should always be sure that the customers are provided with the top-quality services. Furthermore, the clients of the airline companies come into contact with products provided by the suppliers of the companies. Thus, the companies employ performance-based contracts with contractors...
Introduction The debate on drug legalization is intricate. The debate on whether certain drugs considered harmful to human health should be prohibited or not has always stirred controversies across the public domain. This is not peculiar to the United States. It happens across the world such as in Portugal where...
Introduction In the society today, many crimes are going on. However, adults are not the only people who commit these crimes. One of the contentious issues today is whether juvenile offenders should be treated as adults when they commit criminal offences. To determine whether they should be treated as adults,...
Introduction United States is the leading country in the world with the highest number of persons incarcerated in jails and prisons; and also the leading country with the highest number of prisons, most of which have been built over the last few decades (Parenti, 2008). In United States, like many...
Introduction The criminal justice professionals face ethical issues every day while carrying out the duties that can be related to the criminal justice system. The main purpose of the paper is to provide the factual analysis of the ethical situations and to examine how the choices affected the individual, community,...
Introduction The definitions and evaluations of “leadership” and “management” have increasingly gained currency among social scientists and practitioners as organizations and agencies the world over attempt to be versatile, flexible, and adaptable to the needs and expectations of the 21st century (Karimu, 2012). Leadership and management are extremely cherished commodities...
Introduction Labor laws are guidelines that regulate the relationship between employees, unions, employers, and the government. The legislations serve a number of purposes. The primary role of the decrees is to create a balance between the bargaining power of the workers and their managers. According to Budd, these laws grant...
Substantive law incorporates written statutory rules that govern how people behave and are mostly passed by the legislature. The statutory rules define the crimes and set forth the appropriate punishment mechanisms for such crimes (Walston-Dunham 152). The laws also establish the rights and obligations defining what an individual citizen should...
Introduction Saudi Arabia, which is a sovereign nation in the Middle East, is the largest member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Al-Rasheed 5). Just like any other sovereign nation, the country has its unique laws and permissible approaches that guide its legal system. This paper compares and contrasts the law...
Introduction The security and safety of the public is among the major concerns for any government. For these reasons, justice systems aimed at enhancing the security of their citizens were adopted by the state government. The police and the courts play a major role in security related issues. While the...
Bill Hing’s work ‘Ethical Borders’ reveals how countries have a moral responsibility of restructuring their immigration guidelines with reference to the fact that Mexicans’ migration into the US has been the result of American policy choices. I agree with Hinge’s viewpoint since immigration policies regulate the inflow and outflow of...
Introduction The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) may be adopted in different places because of different reasons. It emerged in the European nations towards the end of the 1990s. Its main objective was to resolve social problems such as unemployment, especially amongst young people in a bid to enhance...
Violent crimes are as old as human history. They have evolved alongside human evolution. Also known as crimes of violence, these crimes involve using force to offend the victim. In legal definition, the objective of the offender is to commit a violent act. They also include actions in which the...
Introduction Presumption of Innocence Law is one of the main principles of judicial systems in Islamic legal structure. This is based on the principle of fairness, as Al-Kisswani (2013) upholds. When one is arrested on a suspected offence, the reason why he or she is taken to the courts is...
Doctrine of at-will employment Invented by Horace Wood in his 1877 “Master and Servant” treatise on legal law, the employment-at-will doctrine is a unique legal term or concept in the American employer-employee relationship that is also controversial. According to Covey (2000), the employment-at-will doctrine applies to the contractual employment relationships...
Introduction The debate on how to treat prisoners is a long-standing one that has lasted throughout the history of imprisonment. The dispute has revolved around two main issues, namely, punishment and rehabilitation. Should inmates be left to fester in cold cells where punishment and deterrence are the main goals? Should...
The underlying structure of relationships and operations that compel directors to operate accordingly is called corporate governance. Corporate governance includes the mechanism, processes, structure, rights and responsibilities of the investors, directions, regulator and stakeholder. The features of corporate governance include fair treatment among investors and stakeholders, responsibilities of chief executives,...
Introduction The study focuses on women who have undergone a hysterectomy in Mississippi without comprehensive informed consent law. While hysterectomy is one of the most complicated procedures that may result in serious damages to the reproductive systems as well as fatalities, most states, including Mississippi, have not instituted a comprehensive...
Introduction What makes the United States criminal justice system to be effective? The United States criminal justice system is termed as one of the most advanced criminal justice systems in the world because of the nature of criminal justice legislation. The Fourth Amendment is one of the legislations that seek...
Abstract Forensics is a field of science that dates back to the 6th century. However, questions have been raised within the legal circles concerning its reliability as far as it is used in coming up with convictions. In the recent past, much post-conviction exoneration has taken place after the revisiting...
Summary The last few decades have been characterized by immense global changes that have affected the technological, political, social, economic, cultural and environmental areas of daily life. A multifaceted advancement in technology has prompted a social process that enhanced the information exchange around the globe that serves the sharing of...
The changes in legislation can profoundly shape the experiences of many people, but the importance of such changes often goes unnoticed. This paper is aimed at discussing one of the legal acts strongly influenced many stakeholders. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the Occupational Safety and Health Act...
Introduction The HIPPA Act of 1996 is a federal law that addresses various areas under health care. The areas include health insurance, confidentiality of the patients, the administrative costs of health care, as well as the security of information relating to health care. The HIPAA Act was especially keen on...
Overview This chapter will explore a number of viewpoints on the authority of an agent of UPICC and Commercial Agents Regulation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Firstly, the introduction provides a summary describing a systematic exploration of the The Commercial Agency Act. then, it anlysis that nature of Authority...
Introduction White collar crime has been an issue of concern in the recent part. According to Benson and Simpson (2009, p. 67), white collar crime refers to “a financially motivated nonviolent crime committed for illegal financial gains”. According to these scholars, white collar crime has been on the rise in...
Introduction In Australia and other common law counties, there are two main sources of legal decisions namely the judicial decisions (common law) and legislation acts (statutory law) (Ponzetto and Fernandez, 2008). In terms of common law, this type of law (rule system) is derived from English law. Common law, also...
Introduction Companies seek competitiveness and higher profit generation every year; this has caused significant diversion from ethical codes that have long stood to lift them. Due to their dominance in the global business, it has been difficult for governments across the world to have complete control of their activities. Business...