Friedrich Nietzsche criticized the ideas of the Enlightenment as the intellectual and cultural tradition. Despite the Enlightenment view of human nature as the free choice to use one’s intelligence, Nietzsche indicated that all human actions are driven by the same psychological impulses. All people react in the same way. All of them have a will to power, and, moreover, they can be easily motivated to behave in a certain way. Humans are not free in their choices; however, they are driven not by the supreme spiritual power.
Nietzsche condemned socialism as the lowest conception that includes the tyranny of the least citizen. If everyone can rule the country, this would lead to chaos. Democracy seemed Nietzsche close to socialism due to its emphasis on freedom for everyone. Nietzsche believed that people are not free from their nature, and there many psychological factors that cause the reactions and responses. According to Nietzsche, Christianity would destroy the nation; moreover, it can destroy any political system, including socialism and democracy. Christian ideology teaches to be humble and submissive.
Nietzsche’s ideas are closely related to the ideas Sigmund Freud who claimed about the non-rational desires as the major forces that drive people during their life. Civilization requires conformity and subjection, while the individual needs instinctual freedom. All humans have the primitive instincts that cause all the reactions, and civilization creates the barriers and punishments such as lows in politics and morals in Christianity. I agree that people are driven mostly by non-rational desires; however, some try to control the emotions and use the rational mind.