Introduction Corporate Compliance plan refers to an arrangement which is specifically designed to spot and prevent law related violations as well as occurrence of unethical actions by the employees of an agency. The violations may also emanate from the volunteers, service providers or from the directors in the agency. A...
Introduction In present-day realities, textualism and contextualism are viewed as two opposing principles of legal procedure. Textualism is understood as full compliance with the word of a legal document placed before a court of law.1 Contextualism, on the other hand, is the approach that places the highest value on the...
Introduction The importance of the internet and the aspect of globalization and digitalization of various sectors of economy cannot be overemphasized. The internet has revolutionized communication by the establishment and expansion in various areas of information technology. Furthermore, the internet has led to the optimization of human capacity to utilize...
Introduction With the emergence and rapid spread of digital technologies, criminals around the world have adapted to become more efficient at violating the law with the use of modern gadgets. Law enforcement agencies have to keep up and stay on top of criminal practices to be able to ensure the...
Introduction Some years back, judges in the federal courts of California declared Proposition 8 to be a null and void proposal. For decades now, there has been a raging debate on the matter due to different stances exhibited by different factions. Nevertheless, what is proposition 8 in reality? Primarily, proposition...
Introduction The international legal system is the mechanism that regulates the nature and the form of international relations among the stakeholders in the international arena. Due to increased number of participants in the international relations, the rules governing these relations are varied and come from different sources. Therefore, there is...
A tort refers to a civil wrong while negligence is a state of having a “don’t care” attitude. Negligent tort refers to an act that is committed as a result of failure by an individual to act in a reasonable manner to another person to whom such an individual is...
Introduction Criminal law and civil law are fields of law that have been of interest to many because they affect individuals in their daily lives. They both consist of a set of rules that control the conduct of individuals at any given place. Each type of law has got the...
Introduction This is a brief paper on fire safety in buildings and structures, with some aspects on fire engineering, and prevention. Fire safety in buildings and structures initially involves careful engineering that requires scientific study for engineering application. There are laws, or codes, that should be followed on designs and...
Date or Acquaintance Rape Despite the increasing awareness of the issue of sexual assault, the justice system and society still show some reluctance in recognizing acquaintance rape as unacceptable or even criminal behavior. This primarily arises from the complex issues of sexual consent. This paper uses American’s national crime measure...
Homeland security is a defensive security measure towards protecting the United States in opposition to the action of terrorist (Carafano & Sauter, 2005, p.xiv). The word homeland security came into existence in 2003 as a result of the extensive structural alteration of various United States governing authority and administrative unit...
Introduction The U.S Labor force follows varied laws, both from state and the federal government. The latter only applies to those working in the federal government, while the former applies to the rest. Those who do not apply the federal laws include domestic workers, employees of the local government, and...
Introduction The history of criminal justice system began in prehistoric times with simple and jugged law enforcement agencies as well as the judicial systems. As time went by, new forms of judiciary, laws and punishment evolved. Many reforms had taken place especially on the rights of the offenders, criminals and...
Contract plays a vital role in aspects of agreement between parties for exchange of goods and services. Contracts in actual practice allow the parties of the agreement to become satisfied for their conduct of sales or exchange. The relationship between two parties for the terms and conditions of sales and...
Introduction Background of Study The USA Patriot Act 2001 was a legislative piece passed by the United States (US) Congress and signed by former president George Bush in 2001 (weeks after the 9/11 attacks). The Patriot Act aimed to improve the quality of government investigations concerning terrorism and money laundering...
Abstract Legal protection of human rights during the pre-trial criminal proceedings in Saudi Arabia has gained relevance in the recent past1. The need to protect the accused person during the pretrial proceedings is an essential aspect of the protection of human rights. This is because the law of this country...
The Saudi Arabian government has always rejected plans to adopt a secular written constitution (Calvert 12). According to the government officials, the country’s legal system has been structured in accordance with the Islamic Shariah laws. In the year 2007, King Abdullah introduced some amendments in the country’s laws. These laws...
Introduction The Baltimore County Police Department and the Baltimore City Police Department have experienced increased levels of criminal incidents. The level of enforcement of the law is observed to be a crucial factor influencing the level of criminal incidents occurring in any region. Some of the research conducted on levels...
Introduction This is an analysis section. It highlights how the data will be collected and explain how the respective data will be adequately and effectively analyzed. Furthermore, it specifies research methods used in the analysis of the collected data. Basically, the data collected will be analyzed through qualitative and quantitative...
Introduction There was no common practice to join trade union or labor movement in Mozambique until its freedom from the colonial rule of Portugal in 1975; however, the workers were required to earn more than a substantial level to qualify as a member of trade union – this was a...
Introduction The advancements in technology have helped reduce the world into a global village1. This has facilitated the sharing of resources through trade between people and nations far away from each other. While it is necessary to appreciate those who worked hard to facilitate this, it is worth noting that...
Introduction Organizations find the sharing of real time information on information communication networks becoming an increasingly vital component in competitively pursuing their business goals. A study by Sen, Raghu and Vinze (2010, p.57) concurs with Jensen (2009, p.98) that information sharing on communications networks exposes the information to existing and...
Introduction Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 is a federal law in the United States enacted with the objective of imposing standards in pubic accounting (Romano, 2005). The goal of SOX is to ensure that public companies, as well as their management, follow the new accounting standards. The new law is...
Abstract Murder on a Sunday Morning is a documentary that seeks to reveal the conspicuous problems in the judicial system concerning juveniles accused of criminal offenses. This article identifies various elements of the documentary that relate to forensic psychologists when handling juvenile crimes. Forensic assessment is fundamental to safeguard the...
Introduction Discrimination can be discussed as an important problem typical for US society even though it is prohibited in all social spheres. The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted in 1990 to address the issue of discrimination against persons with disabilities in the area of employment (Americans with Disabilities Act,...
Introduction A tort is a wrongful act that causes loss or harm to an individual. It often results in a legal suit by the party against which the act was committed. Such suits are resolved using tort laws. The primary objective of these legislations is to provide relief to the...
Issue The case, Cohen vs. School District (1992), focuses on the placement of disabled students in mainstream education settings and the tort of negligence. A special education student was placed in a mainstream setting without appropriate supervision despite having some recognized violent tendencies. The student later attacked another normal student...
The law of the United States is important to be discussed in detail because the principles of the legal system followed in the country can explain how the law can influence individuals and organizations. The origins of the U.S. law and legal system are in the law that was followed...
Introduction Negligence law is arguably the most important tort; however, it is a source of significant angst in the modern tort system. Causation in negligence law is laden with fundamental concepts of significant complexity that help to make a connection between a defendant’s wrongdoing and harm to a claimant.1 It...
SLP Assignment In the United States, as well as in any other country, people pay special attention to education and the conditions under which students are able to develop their skills and improve their knowledge. It is hard to create the conditions under which all possible conflicts and misunderstandings could...
Case Assignment Nowadays, people find it obligatory to discuss and understand the essence of intersections that exist between law and education. On the one hand, such necessity may be explained by the fact that modern people live in a highly litigious society where numerous steps can be taken to advocate...
Introduction An aerosol is a substance that presupposes the existence of a gaseous medium. It comprises tiny particles that can be either liquid or solid. They are known as particulate matter (PM), elements that pollute the air. The general public is aware of the fact that their health depends on...
Introduction Violence has persistently pervaded American schools. Such acts not only distort school operations, but have also had the effect of posing a threat to peace loving students and the school fraternity in general (Crews et al, 2007, p11). Juvenile crime acts have often been associated to various causative factors....
Since its discovery, DNA was utilized in several ways. Except for the obvious usage in the field of genetics, its unique properties allowed it to be used in forensics as means of identification. Known as DNA profiling and sometimes DNA fingerprinting, the technique allows for an unusually precise and reliable...
Introduction The right to bear arms was granted to the people of the United States in 1791 by the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Unfortunately, this right is associated with an increased risk of gun violence; the U.S. is stated to have some of the highest firearm-related deaths among...
In Miranda v. Arizona, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the evidence collected by officers during a custodial interrogation is permissible in the court and is considered a valid proof of guilt only if the accused person was given the Miranda warnings and if there was no waiver (1966). Based...
‘’To improve patient access to health care services and provide improved medical care by reducing the excessive burden the liability system places on the health care delivery system’’ (The Library of Congress Thomas 1). The bill is sponsored by Rep Gingrey, Phil [GA-11] and was introduced in the house on...
Introduction The United States citizens are troubled by the ever-rising setback of violence (Pederson et al. 273-281). The American streets have turned out to be battlefields where even the aged are pounded for their credit card checks, frightened women are cruelly assaulted and raped, adolescent goons engage in shootouts in...
Introduction The national labor laws began after the harsh economic times of the 1930s. The Great Depression led to a low employment rate. As a direct consequence, the general standards of living went down. The economic times were not favorable to individuals and companies. The National Labor Relations Act was...
Introduction Since the mid 1990s, there have been a number of agencies including the United Nations, NATO and the European Union involved in reforming the police forces across several post-conflict regimes. Many techniques have been extensively used by international special interest groups in the fight for police reforms and this...
Introduction Gun politics and gun control is one of the most controversial issues in the United States of America’s politics. The relation between gun availability, gun control and crime are subjects that have continued to arouse so much interest from criminal psychologists with a view of establishing any form of...
Review of the Literature The purpose of this section is to provide examples of the literature review undertaken for the proposed study. There is a wide variation in the approaches implemented to study juvenile offences in general and juvenile recidivism in particular. Understanding juvenile offences along with its causes and...
Introduction The competitive business climate of today frequently makes brand managers to turn their focus to near-term issues. Accomplishing the month’s objectives such as; returns objectives and attaining a targeted figure of consumers at a good number of times force administration to drop focus of extensive term strategic chances and...
Introduction The community experiences a burden that is linked from crime and violence. There exist direct consequences that are linked to the quality of life. These consequences may include the reduced lifespan, intensive feeling of insecurity and a change in the way people behave due to the reduction in the...
Introduction Informed consent is a fundamental right of clients receiving professional help. Each client has the right to informed consent. It is the basic right because clients need assistance in becoming educated and willing participants in the therapy of their choice or treatment offered by a professional. The primary objective...
Introduction “The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act” was passed in 1974. It is also well known as “the Buckley Amendment”. Buckley is the name of its proponent. It is a federal law of the United States. Privacy of student education records is protected by this law. Educational records mean...
Introduction The use of crime data has been on the increase in the recent past. For instance, many organizations such as Forbes have, on many occasions, used crime data reports to compile a list of ‘America’s Safest Cities’, with the hope of encouraging people as well as law enforcers to...
Introduction Historically, each civilization has managed to define and design methods to punish those who go against society’s codes of conduct. In the 16th and 17th centuries,’ Europe applied brutal or rather cruel methods of punishments in death and mutilation. In the mid and late 20th century, however, rehabilitation was...
Introduction According to Nolan, Drug Courts are today’s resolve to criminal justice constraints when sourcing solutions to drug-related crimes (Nolan 2003, p. 1). Drug courts serve as a platform where drug offenders are treated rather than prosecuted. Nolan explains that the increasing number of drug offenders is stressing the justice...
Arrest Stage The process of a criminal trial starts when an individual is arrested, or charges are filed for a warrant. Within 2 to 48 hours of the initial arrest, the defendant must have his informal arraignment. During this time, the defendant is informed of the charges against him. If...
Introduction John Gotti was an American mobster and also leader of the ‘Gambino Crime Family’. He came to be known widely because of his frank personality and showy style that made him a placard child for the mobsters, a representation that still exists now. He was born in New York...
Introduction Juvenile offenders have been prone to recidivism and the rates of juvenile recidivism have been very high in the United States. There are several reasons which have been suggested to explain the reasons for juvenile offending, including poverty and lack of effective educational programs (De la Torre, 1997; Siegel...
Juvenile Delinquencies Juvenile delinquency can be looked at as behavior that acts contrary to the already established norms and laws of society. For many decades juvenile delinquency has featured in the literature that concerns criminal behavior. Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon in a society that appears to be apparently complicated...
Introduction There are only two certain things in this world: death and taxes (Michiels, 2007). This reality is important that most governments consider in bringing growth and development. Taxes serve as the direct source of government income. Without the taxes, it will be difficult for the government to provide basic...
Abstract Juvenile delinquency is prevented and controlled effectively to make sure young offenders are free from crimes through advising them and giving them moral support. The entire society participates actively all the time to reduce the rate of crime and report committed crimes to the justice system for disciplinary measures...
Stories of frivolous lawsuits have become the most favorite quip of mass media. (Greenlee 1996). Do cases like Liebeck versus McDonald’s $2.9 million coffee spill-over case examples of the legal system run amok? Liebeck’s coffee spill-over case has become the poster child of all frivolous litigations. In this essay, we...
In the sociological context, crime can actually be defined as the breach of the rule of law. The governing authority, such as the state, can impose punishment on the perpetrators of such acts. This is usually done with the intention of correcting such persons and also serving as an example...
The main premise of this paper is that strict bureaucratic structures, inadequate finances, lack of coordination, reluctance to share intelligence information, fragmentation as opposed to integration, and a lack of accountability remain as the primary indicators of gaps in the US homeland security framework. Despite the mandate of the DHS...
Introduction Systems of Juvenile help to lower the rate of delinquency because; juveniles who are arrested do not repeat the same mistake again and are not taken backcourt. The fact that the majority of children in the community including those who live in the direst circumstances do not commit a...
Opening Paragraph According to research, crime is taken by many people as a social problem that is very pressing and the greatest concern is about how violence among young people is becoming high. There is useful information available from self report studies and reports about crimes where many arrested people...
There are a number of victim agencies that caught my eye when I was preparing this article. However there is this one firm called The Kennedy Victim Agency. This is actually the communities leading victim agency because it has helped over a hundred thousand people in the last two months...
White Collar Crimes: An Introduction “Fraud—the art of deliberate deception for unlawful gain—is as old as history; the term “white-collar crime” was reportedly coined in 1939 by Professor Edwin Sutherland and has since become synonymous with the full range of frauds committed by business and government professionals.” (White collar crimes)....
Introduction Supreme Court Justice David Brewer was born to Christian missionaries on 20th January 1837 in Turkey. His parents returned to the USA and David Brewer studied law and started a law practice in Kansas. After some years, he joined the Leavenworth courts as a judge and after some years,...
Introduction The importance of security to any country can’t be underestimated and the issue of making one’s homeland secure is complex and it doesn’t work in isolation with any one unit alone but requires cooperation and effort from different agencies and bodies of the country (DHS, 2006). Security can’t be...
Outline The No Child Left behind Act program was introduced by the state department of education in 2001. Here the schools are expected to assess the yearly progress of the students using Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). The NCLB goals as set by the federal government for the year 2002- 20014...
Abstract This essay reviews the literature on serial killers, principally the more newsworthy ones in contemporary times. In the process, we recognize that gender, age, child-rearing, social adjustment, the need to over-compensate for other areas of weakness in one’s life, and introversion are strongly associated with serial killers. We then...
Introduction Through the years, there has been increase in drug abuse and drug related crimes all over the world. It is of great significance to understand the connection between drugs and crime. This link can be sub-divided into categories. Acquisitive crime is when a drug user commits offenses to obtain...
Introduction This literature review aims to throw more light on the knowledge pertaining to the effects of race on the perceptions displayed in regard to the confidence and fairness in the state courts. The previous research available in this context has primarily focused on such perceptions in relation to the...
Abstract Industrial espionage became the real scourge of today’s business. Inspite that the whole organizations and legislative systems had been created to protect Intellectual Property Rights, the number of espionage cases tend to increase. This work is claimed to view the key international laws related to the IP, such as...
Introduction David Hume born in Edinburgh in 1711 is a philosopher of the period known as British Empiricism. He attended the University of Edinburgh and was an intellectual associate of philosophers John Locke and George Berkeley although he did not graduate. A prolific writer, Hume dealt with many areas of...
Abstract Crimes at the municipal and national level are committed and the people involved are identified because they abuse others by engaging in illegal activities to benefit financially. Improved technologies help criminals to go unnoticed and continue to be a threat to the security of people. Boundaries between private and...
Abstract Geospatial intelligence has become an important concept in homeland security. As criminal gangs and terror groups continue to use sophisticated strategies to achieve their goals, the need to use emerging technologies in fighting their activities has become critical. The United States has taken lead in the use of geographic...
Abstract Drugs, drug abuse and the society is now an issue of great concern in the whole world and many countries are debating on the issue of decriminalization and legalization of illicit drugs. Although a great lesson was learnt from the America’s great experiment on the prohibition of drugs and...
Introduction Gun control opponents begin by quoting the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, “A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed” (“The Constitution”, 2006). This, they argue, as were all...
Introduction Community policing also commonly known as neighborhood policing simply defined as the involvement of the community in the maintenance of order, security, and general upkeep of the society. Usually, community policing is based on the principle that the involvement of the community in policing would help a great deal...
The year 1888 witnessed a series of ultimate unsolved and mysterious homicides the world has ever experienced. The unknown assassin went on committing his cruel deeds, putting the Scotland Yard investigators in big trouble. He lurked behind the shadows creating chaos and leaving little evidence to the cops. Five prostitutes...
Disputed are resolved outside the court with the help of this method. A large part of dispute resolution field is covered by Alternative Dispute Resolution processes. In first paragraph we will see the introduction of Alternative Dispute Resolution, in second paragraph we will discuss about the types of Alternative Dispute...
The fundamental authority for federal regulation of business is the Constitution of the United States and most of the economic powers exercised by the federal government are contained in the commerce clause, Article I. Section 8. The clause is aimed at preventing states from establishing laws and regulations that would...
Introduction Robert Hass, former senior vice president for marketing and sales for Smith & Wesson asserts that “the company and the industry as a whole are fully aware of the extent of the criminal misuse of handguns… In spite of their knowledge, however, the industry’s position has consistently been to...
Introduction There are plenty of strong reasons why smoking in public should be prohibited. In my own opinion, the negative effects of smoking to the smokers, the second hand smokers and the natural environment will be greatly reduced if smokers are not allowed to smoke in public places. Usually, smokers...
Introduction A crime is an act forbidden by the law of the land (Darrow 2004). Such actions usually carry stiff penalties set out by the penal code governing the area. Crimes not only have an effect on an individual alone but also the society at large. High crime rates will...
The purpose of criminal sentencing is consistent with the act of criminal punishment which serves the objectives of rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation, and restitution or restorative justice to victims and the society at large. This is inherently done by a judge to a person convicted of a crime. Garland (1990:17) defines...
Introduction The Public Law 109–41—July 29, 2005 or the Patient Safety And Quality Improvement Act Of 2005 is directed towards the benefit and the betterment of patients within the parameter of healthcare by formulating and enforcing well-defined law in favor of suitable healthcare and patient safety measures. The fundamental approach...
Introduction Crime is the violation of the rule of law for which a legal system envisions penalties in the form of punishments. The literal meaning of crime is charge, blame and offense. When society thinks that unofficial sanctions to sustain a balanced social attitude are not enough, then it may...
Introduction There are many types of business organizations. Some of these are the sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, S Corporation, C Corporation, and Limited Liability Company. They have different characteristics. These characteristics will be an advantage or a disadvantage when compared with another type of business organization. The following...
Introduction This paper seeks to differentiate one form of business organization from the others using at least six given characteristics. The distinctions will be expounded with brief discussion of advantages and advantages of each form of organization. Analysis and Discussion The forms of organizations, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages The following...
Decriminalization of marijuana is legalizing the use of marijuana by the governing authority within stipulated laws. Legalizing Marijuana has many advantages to a State or Nation as long as it is done in a controlled manner. When backed up with relevant campaigns spelling out the short-term and long-term effects on...
Introduction The relationship between gun ownership and crime is a highly correlated one in both positive and negative aspects. Argument for the regulation and/or appropriateness of gun ownership lean both ways; part of the populace lend the opinion that ownership of firearm is essential to self defense while the remainder...
Introduction The reasons guns have not been outlawed are many. This action would violate the Constitution, impair hunter’s rights and take away the right to protect one’s family, property or self. The topic of Gun Control is controversial and the debate surrounding it often emotional usually centering on differing interpretations...
Introduction Informal social control denominates customs, traditions, norms, and other social values inherited by the individual. It is exercised by a society without explicitly stating these rules and is expressed through customs, norms, and mores. Informal sanctions may include radical, sarcasm, criticism, disapproval, and community policing. Community policing or neighborhood...
As defined by James (2003) capital punishment is the execution (killing) of an individual by the state because of a crime that he/she has committed.It is also referred to as the death penalty. Capital punishment denies the person moral reforms. Punishment of any kind should hold the offender responsible, that...
Rising levels of violence in the media, be it in movies, computer games, or the Internet, have been a topic of concern for the last several decades. With technological advancements in the television and gaming industry, violent entertainment is becoming more and more realistic. The appearance of computers, game stations,...
The definition of sexual harassment may be difficult to produce because of numerous subtypes and meanings that relate to inappropriate sexual advances. This type of harassment can also be displayed by request for physical favors. Nonetheless, harassment can take a verbal form as well. The majority of organizations perceive sexual...
Introduction In various states, the legislature differently considers the time required to serve a criminal sentence of life imprisonment. In some countries, life sentences are assigned the minimum amount of time that they need to serve in prison as punishment. Currently, in the criminal legislation of foreign countries there are...
Introduction The United States of America has by far the highest firearm ownership rate in the world. This tendency is due to the relatively non-restrictive gun control laws of the country, as the right to bear arms is codified in the Constitution. However, gun ownership comes with risks, and the...
Introduction Even though ACA has accumulated several accomplishments, some of its approaches appeared to be ineffective. In reforming ACA, the US can learn from health care policies implemented by other countries to improve its current health care system. Analyzing relevant experiences from abroad, especially existing policies that work, may help...
According to Glen R Hanson and Peter J Venturelli, “There is a long-established close association between drug abuse and criminality.” There are two contrasting views in this approach. The first one is that criminal behavior develops to support a drug addiction, and the second one is that criminality is inherently...
Abstract Although the attempts to eradicate any forms of discrimination from every domain of modern life have been taken a countless number of times, the phenomenon persists in contemporary society due to its flaws. Particularly, the imperfections of the present-day justice system create loopholes for discrimination to enter its domain,...
Introduction Human security has emerged as the opposite of national security. While national security is concerned with resolving issues related to the country’s borders, human security focuses on people’s well-being and is related to human rights (Saladino slide 31). Human security relies on two main concepts: freedom from fear, meaning...
Introduction Racial profiling is a form of profiling in which the study of the behavioral characteristics of a particular subject is determined on the basis of racial and national characteristics. From the point of view of analysis, the essence of the use of such profiling is insignificant, due to the...
Over the past few decades, the institution of marriage in the United States has undergone considerable transformations. Undoubtedly, one of the most fundamental changes followed the U.S. Supreme Court decision to repeal all states’ bans on same-sex marriage and to legalize it on the whole territory of the United States....
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a federal law that was ratified by the United States Congress in 1966 (Pozen, 2005, p.634). Under this law, the federal government agencies (i.e., FBI, CIA, etc.) are legally compelled to provide information to the public on a need basis (Kreimer, 2007, p.1149)....