Introduction Nicaragua is one of the most strategically placed nations in the Latin American region in terms of resources. The state has emerged as a top-notch state and a forerunner for the nations that are categorized as developing countries. The country lends its voice in attempts to set multilateral as...
Introduction Information technology has revolutionized the way the world operates and as a result, the world is very fast-paced and characterized by huge changes that were probably never envisaged or imagined before (Brown & Czerniewicz, 2010). These changes have been felt in most aspects of life, including on the social,...
International trade has contributed to the development of international markets due to improved communications and the growth of a global culture. International trade contributed to the growth of new markets for several multinational organizations leading to the development of big multinational companies. However, multinational companies were not able to capture...
Introduction In one way or another, special and differential treatment (S&D) has been a feature that defines the relationship between developed and developing countries in international trade for a long time since the end of world wars. For many years, different governments from developed countries tried to fight against establishment...
Introduction Democracy in Africa has often been perceived as a complex issue (World Views 1). In the continent, democracy is perceived as a special form of governance because of the unique dynamics of the continent. Many westerners have experienced a lot of difficulties trying to understand the nature of Africa’s...
Abstract The start of the negotiations for Turkey’s accession to the EU presents a vast reservoir of information but also unresolved issues on the Turkish-EU relations. The Cyprus issue is the most significant which may affect the entire process of accession. The disputes over the Aegean Sea and the Armenian...
Introduction The following essay is concerned is with the examination of civil society and democratization. The main policy of many governments is to transform nations into liberal democratic zones. A strong civil society movement is a key element as far as democracy is concerned. United Society for instance has promoted...
Funding Goals and Criteria for funding Agencies The eight Millennium Development Goals have formed the blue print for the funding objectives of most donor nations. These goals were reached at in the year 2000 at Geneva. They include abolition of abject poverty, ensuring that everybody accesses primary education globally, enhancing...
Political affairs in the United States have never been so fundamentally affected by science. Over a long period of time, the scientist and the Science were not valued, as significant to the government. One can say that disregard for scientific thought has dramatically ripened with the present conservative group of...
Introduction Ever since an international news network Al Jazeera came into being in 1996, it never ceased stirring public controversy in Arab world on the account of its journalists’ ‘freethinking’ style of reporting. However, it was namely after the attacks of 9/11 that Al Jazeera had gained a fame of...
Opening statement The purpose of this study is to find out whether the economic integration of the central African states leads to mutual benefit. Regional integration in central Africa is still lagging behind due to political, financial, economic and institutional obstacles. Therefore, the paper aims at establishing the measures to...
In order to understand why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Hussein Obama are constantly being compared, contrasted, and aligned with each other by various sectors of society, one must first understand where each man came from and what shaped his political ideologies and beliefs that drove each of them...
Introduction Democracy is the kind of government where the people directly or indirectly hold the power to rule and it is facilitated by the system of elections which are deemed to be free and fair. A Democracy has various components which are very influential in ensuring that the government affords...
Introduction Over the last two decades, considerable amount of reform and changes have occurred in the public budgeting of many states and counties. The beginning of 1990s saw more attention being redirected towards what is popularly known as performance budgeting or entrepreneurial budgeting (Tyer & Willand, 1997). However, it must...
Introduction Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced by the U.S. Congress in December 2001. In spite of benefits and advantages expected by children, schools and the states, NCLB becomes a real problem for modern society and children, lower educational achievements and progress of students. The aims and goals of...
This section covers a review of literature by authors who have considered incorporating strategic management in the running of public sector activities. Rabin Et al. (2000) argues that strategic management can be used to provide an orderly approach through which the disorderly, highly complex problems that face states from time...
Introduction Gun politics and gun control have been some of the most controversial issues in the United States of America politics. There are numerous types of guns used today including rifles, pistols, handguns, revolvers, and shotguns. The bone of contention mainly stems from the debate on individual liberty to own...
Problem Statement The major problem brought out in the Indiana State Department of Health is that of increased bureaucracy within the organization. It is this bureaucracy that had resulted in poor decision-making processes within the organization and that had resulted in poor measures being taken to deal with the various...
Introduction South Africa located at the southern tip of Africa, has adopted an ambitious strategy aimed at increasing its economic growth through establishment and development of trade and investment programs together with international business partners. Of a great significance is the agreement with the European Union to establish external trade...
Overview of the Service Ontario The ServiceOntario, a public service ministry in Ontario, has an estimated 2, 400 employees. The leadership of ServiceOntario is under 150 managers who manage front line support staff and oversee management of the ministry. The diversity and inclusion strategy of ServiceOntario is run by two...
Defragmenting e-Government in New Zealand “Decentralization had brought benefits such as innovation, flexibility, and speed of response to New Zealand public services. Now that a more unified and collaborative approach was sought, could compulsion be introduced without undermining these valued advantages?” (Norman, 2007) The above mentioned words comprise the kernel...
Executive Summary North Korea is a sovereign country that should be respected by any other nation in the world. However, America is also a major part of the daily running of the world’s policies. Nuclear proliferation is part of an issue that is bound by treaties and therefore, is a...
Election in Iraq since 2003 The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was incepted in 2003 by the Bush administration after President Saddam Hussein was ousted from power. The authority was to act as a temporary government to oversee the running of Iraqi state. However, the provisional Iraqi government later took over...
A country’s foreign policy may be described as its set of goals on how it relates and intends to relate with other countries. Among other things, a foreign policy is primly designed to guard a country’s interests. This may include measures aimed at enlarging its economy, ensuring security for its...
Democracy in Babylon The state of democracy in Iraq after the ouster of President Saddam Hussein from power I still filled with confusion despite the many institutional and governance reforms which has been undertaken by the U.S and its allies. A case example is the recent parliamentary elections. Although the...
Introduction Canada faces increased international migration and social diversity, which has led to economic restructuring. The restructuring of the Canadian financial sector in 1998 imitated through the merger of Royal Dutch Bank and Bank of Montreal led to a great deal of controversy in the financial services sector. The argument...
Introduction The problem of drug use and abuse attracted great public concern, which resulted in a national clamor for influential prevention and intervention programs. These programs should also prevent progression of the problem from abuse to addiction, and center on the problems associated with substance use and abuse whether behavioral,...
Introduction The concept of democracy has existed for two and a half thousand years. Over the centuries in the history of political thought, ambiguous interpretations were given to the term. As long as the changes and complexity of the political picture and the layers of its political doctrines appeal to...
Introduction The Policy and Practice of Public Administration are not at all same all over the different geographic area of the globe. USA is the most advanced superpower of the planet with its fifty states and Federal Republic form of government, when the Kuwait is an assortment of moderate Muslim...
Introduction Nancy Pelosi is a Democrat and the current speaker of the United States House of Representatives. After the election of a Democratic majority to the United States House of Representatives in the 110th congress cemented way for Pelosi of California to become the first woman speaker (Dwyre, 269). Newt...
Outline Since the end of World War II, there has been rapid economic growth, subsequently leading to increased world trade and output. This was the result of a major increase in the degree of international specialization between states. An increase in specialization would consequently result in an increase in world...
This essay examines the differences between the two theories; Realism and Liberalism together with their latter-day variations of neo-realism and neo-liberalism to offer clarity on whether both theories are mutually exclusive or do they have many instances of congruence that makes their practical application more viable. The essay first explains...
Introduction The term “strengthening security”, as embodied in the title for this paper, carries with it a wider and broader scope than it actually means. This is because in carrying out this topic, strengthening security would further connote economic, political, and diplomatic, ties of Japan with the international community and...
Introduction The terrorist attack on the September 11th still stands as a wake up to the state on the need to develop counterterrorism measures that take into consideration deterrent measures of possible cyber attacks. While there have been major strides in the development of policies in regard to cyber attack,...
Outline Capital punishment, though abolished in many countries, is still practiced in some others. People have always debated on whether it is right to practice capital punishment or not. There are various flaws in sentencing to kill a convict. Firstly, it does not help in reducing the crime rate. Secondly,...
Abstract Belize is a small Central American country with a low population, small financial sector, and a banking and financial environment as yet more or less free of significant AML and terrorism financing activities. its framework for anti-money laundering and for combating the financing of terrorism consists of adopting the...
Abstract EU-GCC relations have developed gradually and at first largely on a mutual basis. The relationship between European Union (EU) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) can be traced back to the late 1980s when they signed a cooperation treaty, though relations between Europe and the Gulf States based on historical...
Abstract The goal of this thesis is to prepare a public policy framework on Jamaica’s sovereignty aspirations in different economic and political spheres like domestic affairs, defence, trade and international relations. Despite being a member of sovereign entities like the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Non Aligned Movement (NAM), Jamaica...
Introduction Private enterprises commonly use various instruments aimed to attract knowledge of external stakeholders in order to increase the participation of the latter in enterprises’ decision making and, thus, foster product and service innovation. However, the use of open innovation tools is beneficial for public organizations as well. The main...
The use of the death penalty as a deterrent Since time immemorial, there has always been a system of crime and punishment, though the intensity and administration of punishment have varied through the ages. It was believed that fear of punishment would ensure that the crime was not repeated. It...
Abstract Recently, Qatar has been attempting to implement soft power strategies in order to increase its influence within the Middle East and the global stage of international relations. One way in which it has done so has been through the use of sports diplomacy and investments into culture (i.e. museums,...
Introduction Mediation could be said to be a kind of an original appeasement overture or conciliatory procedure which is primarily aimed for the speedy resolution of disputes, or business conflicts, emanating from trade-related issues. In the case of mediation, the procedure involves, inter alia, an appointment, upon request, of an...
The United States Air Force is a large organization with many policies that structure the behavior of its members. Due to the length of time that the Air Force has been in existence, it has found ways to balance the needs of the individuals that make up the organization and...
Surname It is clear that when the press covers presidential campaigns, it concentrates on strategic games which are played by candidates in their pursuit of presidency instead of putting emphasis on the issues regarding national policy and leadership. Journalists seem to find news in the activities taken by the candidates...
Abstract The impact of internet on the spirit of the Syrian society is marked opposite to the interest of authoritarian rulers of the country. The more the society is being involved with the cyber world the more it is being aware of its present condition under the rule of the...
Introduction Police patrol officers have been granted the immense responsibility of dealing with drug or narcotics related problems. However, their end results have not been that satisfactory. The paper shall look at the validity of this statement through statistics and goal achievement milestones. The importance of the police patrol officer...
Introduction This chapter provides the background for the dissertation. The research problem section links the ideas outlined in the background with trends that have been observed in the trade relations between the US and the European Union. This outlines the need to carry out the study, followed by the objectives....
Problem statement The main challenge that appears to plague the city council of San Jose is the identification of ways and means through which to reduce an eight-year successive budget shortfall, while still being in a position to deliver services to a rising number of residents. The transition from a...
Drug investigation is one of the most tricky and risky problems that a patrol officer may face. A patrol officer is not only required to be completely aware of all the drugs that he/she may encounter but should also possess keen observation skills. A patrol officer should be able to...
Outline This essay examines the hypothesis that Realism possesses overwhelming validity in practical application of IR theory for managing state to state relations. The essay first explains the characteristics of Realism in detail outlining Hans Morgenthau’s six principles that form the bedrock of the Realist theory. The essay then explains...
Several arguments press for recognition of same-sex parent adoption rights in all U.S. states. Firstly anti-gay politicians willfully misinterpreted a Constitutional clause to suppress such rights. Secondly, same-sex parents are normal humans with normal parental cravings mostly finding adoption the only solution. Thirdly same-sex parents are responsible and aware of...
Introduction The importance of researching the current trends in how supply and demand of Russia gas in UK interrelate with each other can hardly be underestimated, due to the fact that there are many objective reasons for consumption of natural gas in this country to significantly increase, during the course...
Introduction As of 2008, Cuba was reported to rank very high in the list of largest prisoners of journalists across the globe. It was listed next to the People’s Republic of China, which is positioned as the principal penitentiary for media correspondents all over the globe in keeping with the...
Sovereignty and identity have been widely discussed in relation to issues of nationalism, which echo the formation of the nation-state for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Many nations have been building their nation on the basis of identity of the people, where race and culture of the mass has predominantly...
Abstract Much is made in mass media about the interdependence between acts of the Executive and the perceptions of the voting public, between policy initiatives and the implicit approval of the governed. In the last 110 years, moreover, public opinion has also been shaped by the involvement of the United...
Abstract The current dissertation was carried to with a view to exploring the success and failure factors in the Arab spring. Like any other revolution, the Arab spring resulted to political unrests which swept across the MENA region. Different factors which have been explored in the research study include the...
Introduction Since the American Independence, US Grand strategy has seen dramatic shifts in its contours, scope and direction. In its early years after the union was declared, American Grand strategy was focused on first building the nation and a policy of isolationism and non-interference in the affairs of other nations....
Abstract Security Sector Reforms (SSR) refers to concepts that rebuild or reform the security sector of a state. The concept first came out in Eastern Europe during the 1990s in addressing issues whereby the security sector in states was not fully functional and failed to effectively meet the security requirements...
Outline Many scholars and governments argue that nuclear proliferation is one of the greatest security threats that the international community faces. This paper discusses about nuclear proliferation and how it poses a threat to the entire world of humanity. Introduction Nuclear proliferation can be perceived as the increase of nuclear...
Introduction The world is made up of many different states. Some of these states have enjoyed and are still enjoying some form of stability, whether social, economic, or political. Unfortunately, some are not enjoying this kind of stability. The citizens of these states, facing some instability, have no course to...
The two major political parties in the United States are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The minor parties that am going to discuss in this essay are the green party and the constitution party. I will compare and contrast the two major parties as well as the two...
Introduction Public administration in its broad definition can be used to refer to development and implementation of institutional policies, public decision making structures and designing the criteria for delivery of public services (Shafritz, 2008). This is carried out to foster goodwill from the public by enhancing governance in the running...
Introduction A first we will discuss the several functions that Political Parties provide for the American Political System. According to the book, “Parties, and Elections in America” there are mainly six functions of the parties: To act as link between the government and the public. To nominate the candidate To...
A close examination of the Patriot Act, which this paper achieves more so than members of Congress prior to voting, confirms that those that champion civil liberties as such are justifiably alarmed. It was quickly accepted by Congress just a month and a half following the September 11 attacks. Pressure...
Introduction In trade and commerce, the term revenue, which is also known as turnover, is normally used to mean the income that a firm accrues from conventional business transactions, normally taking the form of the selling of goods and/ or service to the client. In the same vein, government revenue...
Introduction The United States of America has witnessed various periods of federalism, which is described as the continuous evolution of the relationship and balance of power between the federal government and the various state and local governments. The first federalist movement occurred in the 18th century, and the need for...
Abstract Public administration reform began during the 1980s aiming at increasing government performance and citizen’s satisfaction with public services. As the political environment affects public administration reform, it settles and reinforces democracy. Reform of the human resource management systems is an essential part as the quality of government work eventually...
Introduction The principal responsibility of senior management and policymakers of state and local government is to evaluate the economies and the environment in which the organization operates, noting existing and potential opportunities and threats confronting the organization and the community. At the same time, the community and organization should be...
Introduction The United States legal system is noted for its unique dual court structure, whereby the separate federal courts and the state courts preside over separate and sometimes overlapping court systems. This phenomenon is more remarkable in that there are instances where some legal matters are handled exclusively in the...
There has been a strong and strident call to replace the death penalty in the US and supplant it with sentences that run from two to three decades. Any conviction entails a margin of error and should therefore be capable of being overturned. This will permit the wrongfully convicted persons...
Introduction An organization performs an economic activity in order to achieve set targets related to profits, production, and others. For the business to attain these set targets, it requires some kind or resources and the business environment. The environment is what surrounds an individual or organization and its direction cannot...
The ‘War on Terrorism’ as it is commonly referred to, is a phrase coined by United States government officials and is primarily used to justify the military or political initiative de jour or when the Bush administration believes it needs to circumvent the Constitution. The often-used phrase is generally defined...
Introduction International Relations refers to the process of examining foreign affairs of a country both within and outside the country in regard to the global view. This takes account of the work performed by other countries, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs), and also Multinational Corporations (MNCs). It may turn...
How does the U.S. prioritize national security decisions through various strategies? Ans: The national security decisions made by the US government follow certain considerations. They are prioritized according to the level of threat posed to the US in its homeland, towards its economy, and to its other interests in various...
Introduction Vengeance is like a fire, which never ending in its efforts keeps on spreading, engulfing the entire life of the person, destroying his own world and at the same time devastating others lives. Violence and Vengeance are two sides of the same coin, one always procreating another. Since violence,...
Introduction The trade policy preference of governments is in an environment in which some of the trade subsidy involves the exchange of customized inputs. The best policies is that entail free trade international goods but not in intermediate inputs. The export subsidies provide scope to alleviate the international hold-up problem....
Terrorism is one of the most serious issues that mankind faces in this century. It is the phenomenon that undermines the basic principles of human existence in the society and places threat of destruction over the whole mankind. The United States of America is the country which is largely subject...
Introduction In U.S. presidential elections, close races occasionally occur. The Electoral College is a mechanism, by which ties are nearly impossible, which if that should happen, the nation would have found itself in a predicament and heated controversy. This appears to be a complex solution to a simple problem, a...
The death penalty is one of the most controversial issues in the justice system influenced by economic, political, and social considerations. The death penalty is often considered immoral as it violates the human rights and freedoms of people granted by the Constitution. On the other hand, the death penalty is...
The American Civil Rights Movement or the African-American Civil Rights Movement started in the year 1955 and denoted the reformations brought about in the USA, like abolishing discrimination based on race, which was faced by the African Americans and mending the suffering of the people of the Southern States. Most...
The 21st century has often been called as the ‘Asian’ century. Goldman Sachs in their seminal Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC) report has predicted that “in less than 40 years, the BRICs’ economies together could be larger than the G6 in US dollar terms”.1 With the center of gravity of...
Thesis statement;- Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest leaders in the entire world. In 1918, a man was born in South Africa, Eastern Cape Town province; the man was to become one of the greatest African leaders. His birth marked the beginning of a new South Africa although it...
This essay will argue that the effect of the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), on countries living in poverty, is less and their policies had done more harm than good. The reason behind the creation of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund after World War...
International trade organizations are established to facilitate trade between nations. This facilitation takes place in three stages. Firstly, the organizations have to help member countries negotiate for trade agreements. Secondly, it has to be seen that all members have accepted the agreements made in the negotiations. The third stage is...
Introduction Mandatory voting requires electors to vote in elections or attend a polling place on voting day. If an eligible voter does not go out to vote during the elections he/she will be punished. Voting in the United States of America has been voluntary for many years. Some say that...
Every year millions of dollars are spent on curbing the use of illegal drugs. The overall costs of using these drugs fall under three categories: namely health costs, productivity losses, and other costs. Between the years 1992 and 1998, the cost of drug abuse incurred by society increased by5.9% annually....
Abstract This paper is highlighting the economic international imbalances that are prevailing in the economy and are thus causing distress. The international economy is the prospering day today but it is creating such imbalanced problems which are depressing the economy. These problems are unemployment, inflation, and fiscal deficit which are...
The concept of welfare state regimes is used to refer to the state’s expenditure on health, education, and personal social services. The income maintenance programs such as pensions, unemployment, insurance, and social assistance are also catered for in these programs. These programs’ main aim is to lessen the impact of...
The presidential election process of the US is one of the complex processes in the world but at the same time the most fascinating process. The process is also long starting from candidate’s nomination to the inauguration of the newly elected president. The campaign takes almost two years where abundance...
The latter half of the twentieth century was a crucial era in the development of American foreign policy. Previous to the outbreak of World War II, America had been an important player in the geopolitical arena, but still just one of many great powers, most of whom were located in...
The Declaration of Independence was initially prepared by Thomas Jefferson and formally accepted on July 4, 1976. The concern at hand was the aspiration of the American colonies to attain sovereignty from British Rule. Even though in the Declaration of Independence, the thirteen colonies recognized the requirements of equality, existence,...
A realist is an individual who perceives a circumstance in the most pragmatic way. This means they believe that the world can be an ideal place where no wrongdoing has to take place and they want to make everything perfect and in order. A realist often is a person who...
Introduction According to the specialist analysis, the meaning of policy according to Thomas Dye is “Public policy is no matter which governments come to a decision to do or not to do. Governments do plenty of things. They manage conflict inside civilization; they put in arrange society to take on...
Introduction Capital punishment is the execution of offenders either through judicial hanging, shooting and firing, lethal injection, electrical chair, gas chamber, beheading, and many others not mentioned. Whichever method is used in applying capital punishment the issue will be whether there is justification for such kind of punishment. There many...
The law is a very specific type of classification. It is enacted in such a way that wrong and right, black and white, self-defense, and unjustifiable acts are clearly defined and acted upon. For example, The bouncing check law does not punish a person for the act of issuing a...
Guns are very powerful weapons that can be useful in the protection of the lives of citizens in a country. The protection of one life can be provided by an individual own self or it can also be offered by other people authorized by the government in a given state....
Introduction The infamous Korean War began in 1950 after the North Korean army crossed the 38th parallel. This was the existing boundary between South Korea and North Korea. This invasion triggered the first major confrontation after the end of the Second World War in 1945. Due to the ongoing Cold...
The topic of marijuana legalization has been discussed for more than a decade with multiple arguments supporting and contesting the idea. Furthermore, there is some evidence that can be employed in the discussion: in several countries, including Portugal and the Netherlands, real-life experiments took place, the results of which should...
Introduction Once considered a violation of international relations, military interventions of humanitarian concerns are now seen as a compelling policy issue that its widely debated. It involves the discussion on how and when should military force be used and thus represents a significant challenge not only to the way that...
A large number of deaths and injuries caused by firearms attracts close attention of many policy-makers. Their main task is to develop strategies for addressing this issue. This paper will discuss the relationship between the availability of guns and violence. At first, it is necessary to examine the major tendencies...
Introduction In the area of foreign policy, the US president has always been allowed broad power to protect and project America’s national interests around the world. It is the president who is responsible for setting policies, responding to foreign events, managing conflicts, negotiating international agreements, and governing the military. The...
Introduction Foreign aid plays a major role in promoting the US foreign policy aspiration in the Middle East. The US has several major interests in the Middle East, ranging from the support of the Israeli government and its peace with neighboring Arab countries, especially Palestine, safeguarding the crucial oil supplies,...