Introduction The Voting Right Act of 1965 The Voting Right Act signed in 1965 and proclaiming the national legislation of the USA is the basic document protecting minorities from discriminatory voting policy and disenfranchisement. This act created a new political reality with a racial diversity of the party coalition, the...
Abstract The government of Dubai has been heavily focusing on the public sector and investing in the infrastructural development of mega-projects to support and increase the economic growth of the nation and have reliable alternatives to the gas and oil sector. These mega-projects may include the construction of major buildings,...
Partial separation of powers – is the model of governance in which three branches of power overlap in some ways. That means that legislative, executive and judicial branches share some powers and responsibilities. In England, for example, judicial power is involved in the affairs of the government which means the...
The EU and the UK The European Union was seen as a platform for close collaboration of European countries that would ensure their stability and ability to address threats associated with globalization. Ironically, one of the central goals of the EU was the struggle against nationalist conflicts that led to...
Introduction The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is a vital act in the system of international relations. It governs the conduct and status of diplomatic entities throughout the world. It builds the legal foundation for diplomatic interactions between independent states. For any diplomat, this document possesses extreme importance, since it...
Introduction Aid is a term that is used to refer to help or assistance. In international relations, aid (also known as international aid or foreign aid) involves provision of help willingly by one country (donor) to another (recipient), given with the aim of benefiting the country in need (recipient). It...
Introduction The theory of ‘in place’ and ‘out of place’ tends to stratify the society on the basis of the correct placement of each social stratum. These strata could rely on economic affluence, ideologies, gender, race or religion. This phenomenon is an interesting focal point, when examining the instances when...
Introduction Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among many political scientists in the West to refer to the notion of ‘soft power’ (as defined by Joseph Nye), as such that illustrates the validity of the idea that the very essence of the dynamics in the arena of international politics undergoes...
Purpose The purpose of this briefing note is to present information on the nature and characteristics of guerilla warfare. The briefing note will specifically focus on: Definition of Guerilla Warfare Definition of Guerilla Warfare History of guerilla warfare Formation of Guerilla Units Organization of Guerilla Warfare Can Victory be attained...
Scholars have conducted extensive research on the issue of e-governance especially its relevance in modern society. Bwalya (2009, p. 89) notes that the world is changing very fast due to technological advancement, and this has made it necessary to find better management approaches other than the traditional ways of governance....
Abstract This section describes the Clayton County Library System concerning issues of public policy development, enactment, and implementation. In the process, it considers the library’s policy on children. It, therefore, explains how the policy issue was addressed in the organization, a clarification of desired outcomes, the actual approach used to...
Introduction Even though democracy has been hailed as the most appropriate basis of public governance, it has been associated with several challenges. Besides, there have been many scholars who have provided critiques of its ideals (Yu, 2010). Based on these facts, this essay discusses specific issues regarding policy, governance, and...
Abstract There is a problem in Springfield, Illinois. According to Forbes magazine, Springfield, Illinois is the third most dangerous city in the United States. Springfield, Illinois is also the fourth most dangerous city in the United States for women. This determination was made by Forbes magazine after reviewing the 2010...
Introduction “Today’s community expects public agencies to operate consistently and equitably. The community also expects that government at all levels will have systems in place to ensure this happens” (Queensland Ombudsman 1). However, the decision-making processes that characterise the functions of government departments are complex because they have far-reaching implications...
List of Abbreviations Afghan Border Police = ABP Afghan National Army = ANA Afghan National Police = ANP Afghan Uniformed Police = AUP Afghan Counter-Narcotics Police = ACNP Afghan National Civil Order Police = ANCOP Army Forces Strategic Command = AFSC Army Space and Missile Defense Command = ASMDC Combined...
Introduction USA PATRIOT stands for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” (United States, 2001, p. 1). The USA PATRIOT Act was adopted in October 2001 as a response to the September 11 attacks and the terrorist threat. The law contains ten titles...
Within the context of zero-sum theory, according to which a participant’s gains should equal the losses of utility of another participant, relative gains refer to actions of the parties concerning power balancing, regardless of other factors. For instance, many international organizations rely on cooperation as a necessary condition for balancing...
Introduction As a direct result of advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly the Internet, citizens have developed a whole new set of expectations regarding the methods and processes used in interacting with their respective governments. Following in the footsteps of the revolution in consumer purchasing established by e-commerce,...
Politics in organizations are extensive and instrumental in determining the performance of the workers as well as assigning resources. However, politics in organizations is triggered by certain factors including the working conditions and the prevailing environment. Organizational politics have both positive and negative impacts on organizations (Bodla and Danish, 2009)....
Introduction to the Problem The Military has long been recognized for regimental structures of discipline and development. The primary focus of leader and leadership development in the military revolves around military leaders’ ability to provide command and control to units engaged in battle. Known as kinetic operations, military leaders learn...
This paper will discuss three current national political issues – health care, Social Security reform, and the war on terrorism. It will look at the origins and development of these issues as they reached the national stage. In addition, this paper will also analyze the current status of these issues....
Introduction Following a serious public security and safety crisis in Jamaica, characterized by rising cases of violent crimes, corruption, human rights abuse, and a state of apathy in the formulation and implementation of public security policy, the government of Jamaica, through the Ministry of National Security, initiated a panel to...
Introduction This essay critically examines crime problems in Jamaica and the prognosis for Vision 2030 Jamaica and the proposed reforms to the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) concerning a detailed review of the text Understanding Crime in Jamaica: New Challenges for Public Policy by Anthony Harriott. Harriott wrote this text a...
Background Like any other focused nation, Jamaica has developed a National Development Plan referred to as Vision 2030 Jamaica. The blueprint aims at fostering development to ensure that Jamaica is “the place of choice to live, work, raise families, and do business” (Planning Institute of Jamaica 2010). [1] In the...
The Inspector General is an investigative personnel in the military or any other civil organization (AR 20-1, 2010). Different government as well as different arms of civil organizations have a designated office of the Inspector General. This is essential as it ensures that the investigative, inspection, assistance, teaching, and training...
Introduction The United States’ constitution has changed since 1789 and the powers of the President and the Vice President (VP) have had a fluctuating trend; alternating between strong Presidents and weak VPs and verse versa. This paper is a study of the VP’s powers and how they have transformed in...
Introduction In the past two decades, foreign direct investment inflows have increased steadily in both emerging and developed economies because of free-market approaches. According to the World Bank, “foreign direct investment (FDI) is the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting...
Abstract The core functions of the ministry of the interior are to coordinate and integrate activities that are necessary to enhance the capability of the ministry of interior to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the occurrence of natural disasters, in the context of disaster management. An assessment...
Introduction Background of the Study The US government (under the Bush administration) passed the USA PATRIOT Act into law after the 9/11 attacks. The Act aimed to improve the quality of counterterrorism investigations by giving law enforcement officers immense powers to search and survey terrorism suspects (Committee on Technical and...
The Phenomenon A major finding in a recent United Nations (UN) e-government survey exploring the inter-linkages between e-government and sustainable development efforts relates to the steady improvement in all the indicators of the e-government development index, implying that more and more countries are employing e-government policies and programs to sustain...
Literature Review Introduction Since the last decade, e government has assumed an important consideration in IS field research. But even more significant, the domain of e government has attracted increased prominence and attention over the last few years as governments worldwide eagerly anticipate a digital future, with the proliferation of...
Introduction Information Communication Technology [ICT] has become a fundamental element in countries’ economic transformation as evidenced by the emergence of the digital economy. Lee (2011, p.2366) posits that most governments around the world ‘appreciate the potential associated with employing ICT in supporting different government activities’. Most governments are increasingly implementing...
Introduction The growth of information and communication technology [ICT] has greatly influenced human life in a number of ways. ICT has also affected public service sectors. Rokhman (2011) argues that numerous changes have occurred with reference to the provision of government services due to the ICT development. Subsequently, the level...
Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has one of the fastest developing economies in the Middle East region. The country has been attracting foreign investors, especially in the petroleum industry, finance, and tourism. This means that the central government at Riyadh has been under pressure to meet the growing demand...
Introduction The progress of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from the silent trading area to international player has been extraordinary. The nation’s reasonable foreign policies and insistent diversification far from gas and oil have assisted in development of the economy, which has led to a GDP on a par with...
After the events of 1991 Russia was acknowledged by the world community a political and cultural successor country of the U.S.S.R. Although many years have passed after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, different events which remind the Soviet past of Russia take place in the country nowadays. For example,...
Introduction Today, China is ranked as the second largest economy after the United States. Numerous countries have benefited from China’s high demand for imported products and raw materials. One of the countries that have significantly benefited from exporting its products to china is Canada. High demand for imported goods in...
Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is a relatively new concept that has enabled organizations control their performance through effective management of employees. Organizations have globally adopted this concept as a central part of their operations with the aim being to influence staffing and performance at their respective institutions. Ownership and...
Introduction The study has analyzed nine relationships related to the issues of adoption of e-government in a certain context. The use of the Internet has enhanced the accessibility to all facets of government processes and services and enabled the easy and speedy delivery of these services to citizens, companies, employees,...
History of Water Service in the State, Communities Served Richmond, VA., pioneered water treatment plants in the United States with the establishment of a slow sand filtration plant in 1832. Nearly three decades had passed since multi-filter municipal treatments plants opened in Scotland and Paris but the rudimentary process sufficed...
Introduction Various theories have been advanced by political scientists in their attempts to describe the best forms of governance. A number of philosophers have therefore been fore front in advocating for a number of theories through which the state can function in the governing of people. Chief among these have...
Introduction The Plumbing system and water supply in California is one of the most important commodities and aspects of comfort. Nevertheless, it is used not only for recreation, leisure or comfort, as it is also needed for medical requirements and fire fighting measures. The letter is one of the most...
Introduction Democracy has several definitions posed by different political scientists. According to Hilla University for Humanistic Studies (para1), democracy consists of certain basic elements: it is a political system in which free and fair elections are used to choose governments and replace the existing ones, the people must actively participate...
Introduction General Overview Western Sahara is one of the disputed territories in the globe. It is located in the Maghreb region in the northern part of the African continent. It is bordered by Morocco to the north, Mauritania to the south and east, and Algeria to the northeast (Jensen 12)....
Abstract All organizations measure their performance. In the public sector, managers determine the performance of their contractors and other collaborative stakeholders. Legislatures, Congress, and various city councils report their performance to different executive assemblies or committees in different nations. In the public sector organizations such as education and healthcare institutions,...
Introduction Human trafficking is not only a problem affecting the United Arab Emirates but also a global issue that has raised concern over the lives of many people. Although empirical evidence shows that the government of the UAE has intensified the campaign against human trafficking as a public policy, the...
Introduction Many intellectuals tend to perceive the end of the world in terms of emerging political differences. Although conflicts among states are evident in the world of economics and development, the argument presented in this essay is against such ideas. From a personal viewpoint, the end of world history can...
Introduction The advent of digital media, satellite television, and the World Wide Web has enabled the Muslim community to form better connections than it did in the past. Currently, there are over one billion Muslims around the world. Therefore, the current digital and technological platforms have enabled the Muslim nation...
Introduction NAFTA is a synonym standing for the North American Free trade Agreement. It is the world’s largest trading bloc covering Mexico, the United States, and Canada. It was launched in 1993 for the purpose of enhancing North America’s competitive advantage in international trade in terms of reduced trading costs,...
Introduction Social responsibility is the ethical or moral theory which an organization or an individual must adhere to for example a government of every country or state has a responsibility to ensure that her people are not invaded by enemies. The responsibility of an individual or an organization may be...
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate what roles should be played by international trade so as to ensure that globalization would play a central role in building the world economy. The recent global financial crisis has prompted the needs for nations to play major roles at both...
Death penalty or capital punishment is the judicial process of executing an individual or a convict as an act or an instance of punishing for the offense either committed or not. Although, it is mostly known that such crimes as capital crimes or capital offenses are the ones that lead...
Introduction In exemption of the prevailing controversies experienced within the economic and political nature of establishing and developing cities across the globe, the world has dictated the state of construction and development of stadiums through full or large proportion of funds retrieved from the government. Some researchers have criticized this...
Introduction Dubai is one of the fastest growing major global urban centers. The city has become the region’s top tourists’ destination and business hub. According to Noblet and Rodwell (2008), the growth of the city has been boosted by massive investment made by the government and improved security. The city...
Introduction International relations among its diverse variants appear to neglect the real issues that confront mankind such as poverty, development and hunger. Theories of international relations are traditionally conceptualized in abstract concepts neglecting the fundamental issues at the center of life (Hoogvel, p. 10). Developmental issues are superficially developed within the...
Introduction The Canadian public service is a staff of the federal government and it works through commissions, departments, corporations and other organizations. Canadian public service’s role involves implementation of the programs set by the government. The Canadian public service has been encountering many problems which hinder proper delivery of services...
Introduction Immigration is a very contentious issue. The role of law enforcement in enforcing immigration policy is at times controversial. A lot of debate has emerged. Police and other government agencies have been accused of insinuating racial profiling. These accusations have been evidenced by numerous lawsuits. Numerous minority groups have...
Introduction Modern society is challenged by a number of complex issues connected with the necessity to identify and follow the required forms of government, demonstrate rational approaches to decision making, and respect human rights and freedoms. The promotion of democracy as the main form of government turns out to be...
Introduction The upcoming research will deal with the complex problems related to the implementation of the US international policy in Afghanistan. The social welfare policy of the US Department of Defense aims to ensure law-enforcement system in underdeveloped countries through Embedded Police Mentors’ (EPMs) training and assistance. The topic of...
The developments surrounding Russia’s policies when it comes to Ukraine have continued to surprise observers within Europe and the rest of the world. Most of the Russian intervention tactics caught the attention of critics, most of whom who felt that t President Vladimir Putin was reacting from what he considered...
The relationship between citizens and the government is imperative in enhancing service delivery and accountability. In democratic politics, citizens elect leaders to represent their interests in the various levels of government; as such there have been many studies that have attempted to unearth the answers about the responsiveness of the...
The issues of responsiveness and accountability are the cornerstone of any form of governance. In several sub-Saharan countries, the issues have not received optimum systems of redress. Leaders in local governments have failed to demonstrate accountability and responsiveness in their engagements, a phenomenon that has triggered a negative attitude from...
The Act President Obama assented to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (simply referred to as the Dodd-Frank Act) to make it a federal law on July 21, 2010 (White House, n.d). The Dodd-Frank Act was realized after more than a year of work to change the...
Introduction Winston Churchill once said, “If you are a liberal [sympathetic to socialism] by the age of 20, you have no heart, but if you are not a conservative [sympathetic to capitalism] by the age of 40, you have no brains” (Lehmann, 2008). Throughout history, there have been two central...
Introduction Death penalty is considered to be one of the most barbaric practices in the word and countries which still practice it are indeed at a big loss of their legal dignity. The fact that someone is sentenced to death amounts to killing and is outright wrong no matter the...
Introduction There have been advancements in the medical field to cure and repair human tissues and organs. Such advancements have resulted in extensive research that has seen scientists develop different methods that can be a remedy for certain diseases and conditions that in past have proved difficult to treat. Accordingly,...
Introduction Arab nationalism has been one of the most famous and influential movements in the history of the Arab people. The initial goal of this effort was to unify Arabs and create a pure nation with one common Arabic language and Islam as the only approved religion. In the 19th...
Introduction After the Vietnam War, Congress recognized that the president has no jurisdiction to declare or wage any war outside the War Power Resolutions provisions, enacted by congress. However, the president is constitutionally required to defend the country from any intrusive power. He is the commander in chief of the...
Public Sector Projects Public or government projects are implemented to facilitate the achievement of specified societal goals. Effective project governance is required to ensure that the project conforms to the societal values, needs, and interests in the planning and implementation stages. According to Samset et al. (2016), public projects result...
Introduction Modernization and improvement are the natural aspects of civilization development. Different spheres of society are regularly subjected to changes under the influence of modern technologies and the development of the digital sphere. The emphasis on innovation is the evidence of the effective use of progress, and in the realm...
Introduction Modern technologies are widely used in various spheres of life not only by businesses but also by governments as a means to enhance financial and economic areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) is recognized in the professional literature as subversive since its introduction requires a change in the business model when...
Introduction At present, the partnership between non-profit and public sectors brings many benefits to both parties. In the past, the system was different, namely, the government and the private sector worked separately and, in some countries, the government had absolute control over all spheres of its activity. Although it is...
Abstract This study points out that Hayek’s view of capitalism does not resemble the same points of views advocated by other proponents of capitalism. His support of capitalism is rather unusual because he limits his objectives and targets a specific audience (petty bourgeoisie), as opposed to the general populace, or...
Introduction This paper determines whether free trade has helped or hurt developing countries. It is worth noting that, for a very long time in history, there has been strong evidence for and against free trade towards empowering less developed countries (Goldstein & Jon 179). The development of free trade models...
Introduction The United Nations has failed in its conflict resolution role. Its fragile occupation of target nations is just part of the problem; this institution is bogged down by structural and strategic inefficiencies as well. Through an analysis of the Bosnia Herzegovina situation in 1992, it will be argued that...
Introduction The financial plans in many legislative institutions are exaggerated by the financial commitment and the possibility of enhancement is restricted. Governmental organizations are confronted by a test of ascertaining a central course among using restricted resource allotment and presenting sky-scraping excellent service. It is a gigantic dispute since governments...
Introduction The world has certainly become a global village requiring the countries and nations residing in it to build up strong relationships that can protect and safeguard their interests; at least for continued existence. Therefore, countries require diplomacy and firm foreign policies to ensure the potential favor of nations at...
Introduction Over the last six decades, the United States has seen different faces of public policy initiatives as concerns its global role. In fact, many believe that over this period, public policy has been the most critical issue facing the nation and that the last three decades has seen American...
Introduction Capital punishment is a social institution where offenders of some forms of crime are punished by being put to death. The court decides whether the crime has been committed and the verdict is passed then a responsible and recognized government executes the offender. From the colonial era, about 13,000...
Introduction Nowadays, much attention is paid to the concept of networks that could be used in public administration or to represent the public sector from different perspectives. For a long period, different researchers and writers discussed the development of networks and offered their ideas and approaches to comprehend the concept....
Introduction In the modern world, public management largely relies on social sciences. The understanding of how human interactions occur and how they should be managed most effectively, i.e. to produce maximum value and generate minimum waste, is recognized as a crucial element of successful public administration. A particular approach that...
Introduction Public management is imperative as it is used in addressing the differences that exist concerning how people and institutions interact; this is due to the governance structure that defines systems and the social issues that describe interactions among humans (Leite, Silva, & Afonso, 2014). It is based on these...
Introduction There are numerous approaches to studying public service motivation. There are three key approaches that can be highlighted – conceptualization, service motivation measurement models, and research on social, behavioral, and performance evidence. The assumptions concerning human behaviors in each of these approaches are discussed further in the paper. Moreover,...
Policy Brief Overview of issue It is important for the Government of the Prime Minister, David Cameron, to reduce its budget deficit. The research focuses on the importance of discussing an article favoring David Cameron’s Government’s policies of focusing on the local economy over the European Union Economy. The government...
Executive summary Elections offer an avenue for citizens to be involved in decision making, in addition to holding their representatives accountable. The political legitimacy that credible elections confer is essential for robust states and provides a crucial mandate if governments are to have the capacity to tackle a myriad of...
Executive Summary The paper discusses democracy and freedom of the press in Hong Kong. It analyses the government’s attitude and activities towards real democracy and the freedom of the press and in particular, how it has contributed to the lack of democracy and freedom of the press and also suggests...
Background The crisis on Cuban missiles was the most serious confrontation between the U.S and the Soviet Union. It was so short yet so intense that it was given lots of attention by the then U.S president Kennedy. Nuclear missiles of intermediate range were placed in Cuba to counter the...
‘Capital Punishment’ is the lawful punishment by death for a serious crime. The U.S Constitution does not clearly state if Capital Punishment is allowed or not. Its Eighth Amendment states: “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted” (Findlaw.com). Anti-Capital Punishment people...
Introduction Nicaragua is one of the most strategically placed nations in the Latin American region in terms of resources. The state has emerged as a top-notch state and a forerunner for the nations that are categorized as developing countries. The country lends its voice in attempts to set multilateral as...
Introduction Information technology has revolutionized the way the world operates and as a result, the world is very fast-paced and characterized by huge changes that were probably never envisaged or imagined before (Brown & Czerniewicz, 2010). These changes have been felt in most aspects of life, including on the social,...
International trade has contributed to the development of international markets due to improved communications and the growth of a global culture. International trade contributed to the growth of new markets for several multinational organizations leading to the development of big multinational companies. However, multinational companies were not able to capture...
Introduction In one way or another, special and differential treatment (S&D) has been a feature that defines the relationship between developed and developing countries in international trade for a long time since the end of world wars. For many years, different governments from developed countries tried to fight against establishment...
Introduction Democracy in Africa has often been perceived as a complex issue (World Views 1). In the continent, democracy is perceived as a special form of governance because of the unique dynamics of the continent. Many westerners have experienced a lot of difficulties trying to understand the nature of Africa’s...
Abstract The start of the negotiations for Turkey’s accession to the EU presents a vast reservoir of information but also unresolved issues on the Turkish-EU relations. The Cyprus issue is the most significant which may affect the entire process of accession. The disputes over the Aegean Sea and the Armenian...
Introduction The following essay is concerned is with the examination of civil society and democratization. The main policy of many governments is to transform nations into liberal democratic zones. A strong civil society movement is a key element as far as democracy is concerned. United Society for instance has promoted...
Funding Goals and Criteria for funding Agencies The eight Millennium Development Goals have formed the blue print for the funding objectives of most donor nations. These goals were reached at in the year 2000 at Geneva. They include abolition of abject poverty, ensuring that everybody accesses primary education globally, enhancing...
Political affairs in the United States have never been so fundamentally affected by science. Over a long period of time, the scientist and the Science were not valued, as significant to the government. One can say that disregard for scientific thought has dramatically ripened with the present conservative group of...
Introduction Ever since an international news network Al Jazeera came into being in 1996, it never ceased stirring public controversy in Arab world on the account of its journalists’ ‘freethinking’ style of reporting. However, it was namely after the attacks of 9/11 that Al Jazeera had gained a fame of...
Opening statement The purpose of this study is to find out whether the economic integration of the central African states leads to mutual benefit. Regional integration in central Africa is still lagging behind due to political, financial, economic and institutional obstacles. Therefore, the paper aims at establishing the measures to...
In order to understand why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Hussein Obama are constantly being compared, contrasted, and aligned with each other by various sectors of society, one must first understand where each man came from and what shaped his political ideologies and beliefs that drove each of them...
Introduction Democracy is the kind of government where the people directly or indirectly hold the power to rule and it is facilitated by the system of elections which are deemed to be free and fair. A Democracy has various components which are very influential in ensuring that the government affords...
Introduction Over the last two decades, considerable amount of reform and changes have occurred in the public budgeting of many states and counties. The beginning of 1990s saw more attention being redirected towards what is popularly known as performance budgeting or entrepreneurial budgeting (Tyer & Willand, 1997). However, it must...