Introduction In the society today, many crimes are going on. However, adults are not the only people who commit these crimes. One of the contentious issues today is whether juvenile offenders should be treated as adults when they commit criminal offences. To determine whether they should be treated as adults,...
Introduction The Nuremberg trials were carried out between 1945 and 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany. It was conducted on the war criminals of Nazi Germany after World War II. It was conducted under the parameters of IMT or the International Military Tribunal. The prosecution included important associates of the Nazi government...
Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to discuss the preparedness of Australia in terms of policy, planning, and management to mitigate the effects of climate change on marine and coastal environments. Climate change is not only a global issue but also a continental issue that affects Australia. Transport...
Introduction While acts of terrorism are as old as human civilization, the terrible events of 11th September 2001 in America brought home the painful reality to Americans of the capability of terrorist attacks to disrupt society’s life. Terrorists had achieved the unthinkable on the very soils of America causing massive...
Acid rain is precipitation with a pH below 5.6, attributed largely to impurities dissolved from emitted automobile exhausts as well as pollutants from combust hydrocarbons. Acid rain includes precipitation of acid fog, acid sleet and acid snow. The impacts of acid precipitation are acidic threats of rains; however, this may...
Abstract Indeed, our lives, soil, underground water and the environment as a whole are greatly affected by the activities of oil exploration and production. Notably, oil exploration and production activities are very common in regions such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Oil exploration sites have proved to be very...
Introduction Presumption of Innocence Law is one of the main principles of judicial systems in Islamic legal structure. This is based on the principle of fairness, as Al-Kisswani (2013) upholds. When one is arrested on a suspected offence, the reason why he or she is taken to the courts is...
Summary The Invisible Empire: A History of the Telecommunications Industry in Canada in 1846-1956 by Rens Jean-Guy and Kathe Roth. The book attempts to create the historical skeleton of the modern information and technology cultures, dating back from the mid-19th century to the emergence of the digital age with Canada...
Effect of climatic conditions on Indoor air quality Climatic conditions have an adverse effect on indoor air quality, and hence the health of the individuals under consideration. When a certain location possesses extremely hot summers, then this condition is likely to increase the indoor temperature as well (Muhamad et al.,...
Introduction The use of thallium-activated sodium iodide as a scintillation material marked the beginning of the contemporary epoch of gamma-ray spectroscopy. The introduction of thallium-activated sodium iodide enabled scientists to detect gamma rays. Today, gamma-ray spectroscopy through scintillators has advanced into an established science. Spectroscopy is applied in varied scientific...
Introduction The release of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide into the atmosphere causes a reaction with oxygen and ozone to yield sulfuric and nitric acid in which the rate is increased further in the presence of sunlight. The deposition of these two compounds onto the Earth’s surface is the phenomenon...
Abstract Invasive plant species have an impact in the diversity of bird species in the ecosystem. The study involved examining the habitat of the bird species in Wattle Park in order to determine the effect of invasive plant species introduced intentionally or unintentionally in the park. Major of the invasive...
Introduction When people are asked whether nuclear energy is a solution to energy crisis in the new century, they would definitely say no. However, a number of individuals do not understand what nuclear energy entails. Many people are of the view that nuclear energy is always associated with accidents. To...
Introduction A project can be defined as a temporary endeavor that is undertaken by individuals, groups of people, or companies with the sole aim of creating a product, achieving a given result, or delivering a unique service. Project management, on the other hand, encompasses the use of knowledge, skills, tools,...
Introduction Buildings are known to communicate and convey meanings to the public. Architects have managed to capture such meanings through their designs (Whyte 2006). This research paper analyses the way in which the ‘meaning’ of the building is explicitly and implicitly conveyed by using the National Museum of Australia as...
Sexual harassment refers to the manner directed to another individual that has the aim of creating a hostile, scary, or humiliating environment that interrupts his or her capability to function efficiently at the workplace (Kazt 2). In most cases, sexual harassment involves more than isolated cases. It usually takes into...
Problem Statement Some researchers are interested in the needs of individuals who live on reservations. For instance, they examine social and economic aspects of people’s lives (Raheja, 2010). Many of the studies on this subject are aimed at examining the experiences of Native American women (Kuntz, Hill, Linkenbach, Lande, &...
Introduction Legal provisions in any territory ensure that citizens are protected from offense by others or that their properties are equally protected. Such offenses are at times inevitable leading to individuals and parties being in disputes. There are legally recognized institutions that have been instituted to examine constitutional violations of...
Introduction The criminal justice system is a vital component of the executive government that is involved with the practices of institutions such as police departments, court system and the correctional facilities. The criminal justice system is held with ensuring that social controls are upheld, it is responsible for coming up...
Introduction A prison is a place where people are physically detained and normally denied a range of personal rights. An individual guilty of an offense is legally punishable by and can be imprisoned or incarcerated depending on the country’s systems. These forms of punishment are aimed at changing the prisoners’...
Introduction When analysing communities and community development, it can be stated that usually those terms are perceived as ambiguous and abstract for many people, preventing the formulation of a unified approach to understanding those concepts. The existence of different meanings that the term “community” carries is a vivid example of...
Introduction Intellectual property refers to any creation of mind; such as every great expression and wonderful products that have a human origin (Bainbridge, 2009). Individual’s creative expressions and innovations have some good value and therefore the need to protect them; indeed, work of art, music, writing, film making, symbols, names...
Abstract Network infrastructure is constantly under threat and it is the role of network administrator to ensure that the system is protected from threats and vulnerabilities. Honeytraps which comprise of Honeypots and honeynets have been proposed as effective tools for network forensics since they assist by capturing data and analyzing...
Literature Review Researchers have conducted numerous studies to investigate the effect of language and phrasing of survey questions on respondents’ views regarding drug use (Meise et al. 2009). More so, many researchers have confirmed that the wording of survey questions often affects an individual’s support of drug prevention strategies. Similarly,...
The aim of the study was to highlight the existence of the Relative Age Effect at a football club in the United Arab Emirates and also to carry out an analysis providing information on how this effect has evolved in recent years. The data used in this case has been...
Security of computers is important in nearly all technology-dependent industries that utilize computer systems. It is better referred to as computer security. Often, information on a computer is open to few threats lest the computer is connected to a network. Today, the use of networked computers has increased dramatically and...
Introduction The concept of organized crime is controversial and its definition has usually been difficult. It can however be generally defined as an activity where two or more individuals come together on a constant and reserved basis with an intention of committing stern criminal acts to attain financial and other...
Key Findings Cloud computing is a computing strategy that is inevitably growing at exponential growth and has influenced approaches to ensuring the security of its infrastructure and stored in the cloud. Further, it has further been identified that cloud computing infrastructure lacks standards against which security concerns can be frugally...
Introduction For software projects to enjoy full and requisite customer satisfaction, the people responsible for the making of the software must have a good definition of the requirements and good management to avoid such shortcomings. This helps in the avoidance of unwanted rework on the software. If managers have a...
Introduction From the observations and conclusions made from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the era that succeeded the big bang was characterized by homogeneity in the universe that registered variations not exceeding 1 in every 100,000. As it is generally agreed today, the current universe structure was generated as a...
Introduction The area of networking has been very interesting for me given the fact that there are very new technologies that are in the world today. Of great concern to me is the cloud computing. This is where the data of an organization is stored somewhere; very far from the...
Introduction Inventions and innovations are continually put in place to look for better ways in fighting crime. On the other hand, crime preferences have increased and the way they are executed has changed. To keep in line with the developments, criminal justice system is developing measures aimed at fighting crimes...
Abstract Because of the increasing number of terrorism activities, the human safety has become one of the most crucial concerns. This project aims at designing a robotic car system controlled by a computer via RF (400 MHz) signals. The robot can be controlled in several ways, with movements going up...
Introduction During my junior and senior years at the International School of Bangkok, I served as the president of an art club and an International Baccalaureate Higher Level art student. This offered me an opportunity to organize an activity for the orphanage kids to prepare art projects on a weekly...
Most individuals perceive cartoons as mighty creatures with great powers, a fact that makes most people disregard the negative impacts most adult cartoon programs can have on children, because of the nature of content in most of such programs. Watching cartoon programs has become a primary interest of many young...
Introduction The literature review will focus on the biomechanics of running injuries by reviewing previous publications and research work that have focused on running and the injuries that are caused by running. The biomechanics of running basically refers to the techniques or approaches that form the vital components of running....
The focal point of the paper is to summarize and critically evaluate the work by Arijit Sengupta named Docbase – a Database Environment for Structured Documents, published in December 1997, by the Department of Computer Science, Indiana University. SGML or “Standard Generalized Markup Language” (Sengupta 1997) is used throughout the...
Introduction In many different parts of the world, any given enforcement officer of the law like the policemen, the sheriffs, the assistant sheriffs, highways patrol officers and even state troopers have the lawful duty of making an arrest whenever the requirements state so (Johnson, 2009). This is something that will...
Aristotle is known as one of the outstanding thinkers revealing the ideas of eternal wisdom to humanity. No wonder that his ethical ideas on civic relationships still find their reflection in modern-day conceptions of a successful life. In the following paper, Aristotle’s ethical findings on the best way of living...
Abstract This essay considers the three global airline alliances, SkyTeam, Star Alliance and oneworld. Having emerged between 1997 and 2000, they have proceeded to dominate the intercontinental travel industry, leading to concerns over anti-competitive practices. The essay makes the case that they have ultimately been beneficial for the aviation industry...
Melbourne City must architecturally metamorphose Fisherman’s Bend into a business community in the forefront of the global economic environment. The research focuses on Melbourne as the city having the second highest number of buildings in Australia. The research focuses on the Melbourne City Council’s plan to transform Fisherman’s Bend into...
Abstract Project procurement management is concerned with purchasing products, services into an organization to perform specific work (Kloppenborg 2008). Organizations are involved in the process as a buyer or seller performing contract management and change control processes. These processes facilitate project team members’ administration of contracts and their obligations by...
Outline In this document, we would be addressing various policies and security issues that an enterprise web service may have to face in a real environment. This would give an insight on how to develop security policies and strategies. We will also be seeing security risk management approaches and various...
Introduction After the project components described in chapter (4), all components described will then be integrated in a way to achieve the goal of the project (an Autonomous Robot capable to navigate from one waypoint to other waypoints). There are several experiments though, that should be conducted in a sequence....
As the technological age continues to improve and better the lives of human beings, more controversial issues seem to crop up. Controversial positions have been taken as a result of diverse philosophical approaches that tend to favour one position over another. This has led to the rise of the term...
The problems of poverty and income inequality have always been topical for the majority of countries worldwide. The scarcity of resources inevitably leads to situations when some groups of people accumulate large amounts of wealth while others, often a considerable share of the population, experience serious financial difficulties. These issues...
Introduction Clothes are things we wear for different purposes. Some people see clothes as a way of staying covered, others look further and say it reflects who we are and at times we are identified with what we wear. Clothes came into existence as a result of the necessity for...
Qualitative research usually represents the researcher’s point of view on certain issues including experiences. The research is always suitable for answering questions that examines general human behaviour, motives and the hindrances. Qualitative research seeks to critically analyze issues that are very significant in identification of research problem, development of the...
The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the genetic material and coding of information within it has been the driving principle used in biomedical research activities all over the world. Scientists are currently exploiting the microbiological techniques including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and DNA cleavage by the restriction enzymes in...
The attitude towards same sex marriages has never been well defined in the society. There are people who are completely against them, while there are also a great number of those who support same-sex marriages. Such difference in attitudes led to that several states in the US allowed same sex...
Introduction Adopting children is a common phenomenon in our society. Although adoption has been in existence for a long time, motivation, process, and effect of adoption have changed with time. The 21st century has brought new and unique challenges in adoption. Some families are not able to support their children...
Mixing Different additives are combined with elastomers, for example, antioxidants, re-enforcing elements, pigments, processing aids, softeners, and curing agents. Dispersion kneader aids the combination since it mixes all components under high pressure, controlled heat, and stipulated mixing durations (Barbera et al. 710). The mixture generates compound lumps that are obtained...
Introduction Since Western and Eastern cultures were formed separately from each other, they developed different worldviews expressed in their religions. Various concepts of God caused people to have dissimilar perceptions of humans’ position in the universe. It, in its turn, led to different attitudes of people toward nature within a...
The Scope and Nature of the Public Policy Problem The concept of social security was introduced into American social policies as the means of protecting vulnerable groups and addressing the instances of inequality within the American community. According to the definition suggested by the U.S. government, social security is a...
Introduction World War II had drastically changed many countries all over the world, and the US was not an exception. The USA joined the allies in a war against the Axis powers in 1941 following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. Despite more than four hundred thousand military casualties, the war...
Generally, courtroom workgroups are considered to consist of the criminal prosecutor, criminal defense attorney, and judge. Neubauer and Fradella (2019) also include the probation officer in the definition, though this position will typically not have as much authority as the other three. The prosecutor is responsible for bringing and presenting...
Introduction Motivation refers to the ability of students to understand the teacher’s instructions and to perceive them as adding value to their education and lives. Motivated students cooperate with the teacher and perform exemplarily (Guzzini, 2011). Such students follow instructions and perform tasks assigned to them on time. Low-motivation steps...
Introduction: Defining scope management It is important to clearly define the scope of a project to avoid emerging issues and navigate the project’s life cycle with confidence. Scope refers to the work required to reach the project’s outcomes and outputs set during a planning phase. It can be described as...
Introduction NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) comprises of 28 countries from Europe and North America which have come together to achieve the goals of the North Treaty of 4 April 1949. The alliance gives countries a forum to consult on security issues and after deliberations come up with joint...
Introduction Every educator comes across many different styles of learners, encountering a variety of levels. Within a foreign language classroom there is an expected array of students, some of which achieve higher levels of language acquisition than others. However, there is an entire other group that needs to be addressed...
The role of women in society has long been underestimated. However, after 1865 women achieved remarkable results in protecting their rights in the United States. Mainly, these considerable achievements were made due to the efforts of women belonging to the feminist movement. Due to their efforts, the very concept of...
Identifications Footbinding is a custom of biding little girls’ feet with the purpose of preventing their growth. The custom became popular in China during the period of the Southern Tang kingdom. Having short feet became very popular among the representatives of the Chinese elite after the great success that the...
Introduction A fire tragedy and its corresponding rescue operations often provide an avenue where issues of human behavior originate. It is during such events that human character is made manifest about the organizational structure. Under normal circumstances, tragedies involving fire attract rescue and evacuation operations. During such a time the...
Introduction Many job seekers are often glad to land a job they applied for. However, they may be confounded to read in the employee handbook or employment contract that they are employed ‘at will’. Some may not care to find out what it means until it is too late but...
A human being should live in harmony with nature to be happy. We live in the time of the development of modern technologies when nature has become isolated from people. People live in cities that are opposed to a harmonious nature. Arnold Goldsmith points out that nature is absent in...
Introduction There has been an intense debate on the history of the interaction of European settlers and the early inhabitants of Australia. The landing of Captain Cook in Botany signified the entry of European settlers into Australia. Several historians present this as the beginning of Australia’s history. European settlers helped...
Introduction The domination of one culture over the media market leads to the prevalence of its ideas, suppression of other cultures, and cultural hegemony. American culture popularization over the last century has raised serious concerns regarding its monopoly and raising the issue of imperialism. The terms “media imperialism” and “cultural...
Introduction It is progressively comprehensible that media and culture nowadays are of central significance to the maintenance and recollection of current societies. Societies, like species, need to reproduce to stay alive, and culture foster the growth of attitudes and behavior that influence people to consent to recognized ways of thought...
Summary This paper develops the argument that the poem The Deserted Village by 18th century British poet Oliver Goldsmith is neither a political tract nor a socio-political statement that seeks revolutionary changes but a work of art. As a pastoral poem, it is a valuable specimen of 18th century English...
Facts The plaintiff-appellants in Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) were medical technologist John Geddes Lawrence and his friend Tyron Garner, who were aged 55 and 31, respectively, when arrested for alleged anal sex at 10:30-11:00 p.m. on September 17, 1998, in Lawrence’s apartment at the outskirts of Houston....
Introduction Chebyshev polynomials sequences of orthogonal (perpendicular) polynomials that can be defined recursively as with Lucas numbers and Fibonacci numbers. The polynomials were named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, and are related to the de Moivre’s formula, a function relating complex numbers to trigonometry. Normally there is a clear distinction between what...
Abstract Children with different needs can be accommodated in one setting to enable equal development and even learning performance (Derman-Sparks & Olsen 2010). There has been a belief that children are supposed to adjust to the changes in the learning environment, and this has a negative impact on children with...
Introduction Humanitarian intervention has increasingly become a contentious issue in legal, political, social and ethical discourses. According to Brunnée and Toope (2010), the United Nations Charter prohibits states from subjugating the sovereignty of other countries under the provisions of Article 2(4). This Article requires nation-states to refrain from taking actions...
Abstract The issue regarding cybersecurity has been brewing for quite a while, as the number of cyber attacks was growing increasingly with the discovery of new opportunities online. Moreover, the loopholes in the cybersecurity-related strategies lead to endangering both corporations and individuals by exposing them to the danger of their...
Competition is a key issue in the determination of a business base and growth and every organization strives to achieve maximum profits and satisfaction of their customers through all means available to them. This has made many companies and organizations to formulate ways that will enable them utilize the few...
Introduction The Voting Right Act of 1965 The Voting Right Act signed in 1965 and proclaiming the national legislation of the USA is the basic document protecting minorities from discriminatory voting policy and disenfranchisement. This act created a new political reality with a racial diversity of the party coalition, the...
Preface Crime can be examined in a multitude of instances with a broad range of topics. As discussed previously there is no single global definition of crime. Crime is viewed dissimilarly by different communities. Despite this, international drug trafficking is considered to be an offense “punishable by law” and seen...
First Solution The proposed solutions will be based on some theories that help to make sense of this issue. According to Ainscow (1999), active participation of principals is the main factor ensuring the effective inclusion of students with special needs in educational activities. Their responsibilities include promotion of inclusive school...
Introduction The international legal system is the mechanism that regulates the nature and the form of international relations among the stakeholders in the international arena. Due to increased number of participants in the international relations, the rules governing these relations are varied and come from different sources. Therefore, there is...
Introduction Criminal law and civil law are fields of law that have been of interest to many because they affect individuals in their daily lives. They both consist of a set of rules that control the conduct of individuals at any given place. Each type of law has got the...
Learning communities are widely recognized by academic institutions as a powerful medium of learning. Literatures support the principle that interaction of members in the learning community plays an important factor in influencing the quality of enhanced learning outcomes. Each stakeholder in a learning community is encouraged to become proactively engaged...
Introduction As put forward by Lily Cho, Chinese cafés are to be found in each town of Canadian cities. Whereas it would be ridiculous to get a township without a Chinese café, they are missing in important debates concerning foreign Chinese civilizations. In Eating Chinese, Lily Cho scrutinizes Chinese cafés...
Abstract As soon as digital artifacts have become a part and parcel of everyday life, the need for digital media archives with the capacity of preserving the given metadata has risen impressively. The process of converting the digital metadata to archives, however, is fraught with several difficulties, the key one...
Over the last three decades, the distinction between “giftedness” and “talent” has created an interesting topic of debate in education theories. In general, a definite distinction between the two terms has not been achieved in both language usage and scientific literature. According to Starko and Schack (1989), the American sources...
It is important to maintain a constant vigil on the available resources and developments being carried out globally in the educational field. Unfortunately, educational reforms are generally restricted to the theoretical aspects. No concrete efforts are made in implementing such proposed reforms. This irresponsible behavior of the implementing authorities leads...
Levels of Measurement In data collection, levels of measurement are essential because they determine the quantitative analysis of data to obtain descriptive statistics. Given that the study aims to use a descriptive research design, the collection of data should allow quantitative analysis data. Miller and Yang (2007) advise researchers to...
Abstract LMS is a type of e-learning method, which has become an important tool for education in modern institutions of higher education. LMS is known to be complex environments that make use of several available technologies and techniques. Although several LMS are universal, different institutions of higher learning prefer to...
Introduction Religion can be studied from a variety of paradigms. One of the paradigms is the reductionist vs. anti-reductionist approach. Eliade is one of the religious scholars who subscribe to the anti-reductionist religious-philosophical school of thought. Eliade and other anti-reductionists hold that religion cannot be explained as by-products of some...
Purpose of the Study The study explores the effect of a mathematics methodology classroom on the self-efficacy of pre-service teachers. Mathematics education requires the active engagement of learners in order to promote learning and retention of mathematical concepts. This requires teachers to create an environment that promotes the use of...
Psychology entails the scientific study of the human mind and its basic functions. It seeks to understand and demystify the mechanics of the human mind. Psychology is also concerned with understanding human behaviour and the relationship between the human mind and resultant behaviour (Corby, 2011). Scholarly exploits in psychology early...
Introduction In recent years in the United States and internationally, there has been a re-conceptualization and re-designing of education which has brought to the fore the novel approach that aims to advance the collective knowledge and, in that way, provide stabilizing support to the growth and development of individual knowledge...
Introduction Essentially speaking the roots of community learning can be traced long into the history of the structure, to be precise in the18th century. Surprisingly, to most of us, the concept seems to be a new one. Yet quite a number have never heard of it at all. Yet quite...
Introduction Leadership can be described as an act of taking the front-line position in matters pertaining to situations. It is the ability to lead a group of people or an organization into doing something that has an outcome. Leadership is a role that an individual or a group of individuals...
The Purpose of the Document The main aim of this report is to define and outline all the information necessary for the project of creating a dedicated team of fire investigators in a given Fire and Rescue Service department. The document will enable the management and leadership of the Fire...
Nowadays, it has become a commonplace practice among social scientists to claim that the concept of race is nothing but a ‘social construct’, which is why it does not constitute much of a scientific value. As Arnesen pointed out: “One common denominator of most race studies is a core belief...
Introduction In an effort to explain how production of goods and services in developing countries would result from getting materials from developed nations, system theorists became the first scholars to apply the concept of division of labor and specialization in macroeconomics. Starting with Adam Smith, the founder of modern capitalism,...
Cloud Computing versus Grid Computing Kondo et al. (2009) carried out an analytical study on cloud computing and desktop grid applications. They established that both cloud computing and desktop grids have common characteristics. In both cases, users are unaware of the location of the data centre. However, the two platforms...
Introduction The issue of whether project managers should adopt project portfolio management in the management of multiple projects or not has raised a lot of debates in organizations. It is evident that project managers find it difficult to manage multiple projects on their own without the help of project portfolio...
Within the context of zero-sum theory, according to which a participant’s gains should equal the losses of utility of another participant, relative gains refer to actions of the parties concerning power balancing, regardless of other factors. For instance, many international organizations rely on cooperation as a necessary condition for balancing...
Introduction Background Information According to Coppola (2011, p. 252), disasters are situations or occurrences that devastate the local capabilities. In this context, disasters appeal for national or worldwide help. Disasters are categorized into two major classes; natural and non-natural disasters. Contextually, natural disasters are comprised of hydro-meteorological and Geophysical disasters....
Introduction The historical progression of African Americans, as covered in the course, is meticulous and the beauty of the reading is that the writers weave all the elements together which ultimately becomes a window of the African-American experience in the time of the history of United States. There are events...
Introduction Photography is the creation of lasting images through the use of a device that records the light emitted or reflected by an object. Light or other electromagnetic radiations may be recorded chemically or electronically. Chemicals that enable the recording of images include the film. Electronic photography is made possible...