P2P architecture began to proliferate on the internet relatively recently owing to the need to share data. The main characteristic of P2P networks is that they do not rely directly on the services of an always on server. The end systems usually communicate directly, and peers are intermittently connected and...
CSMA/CD is an algorithm for transmission where each node listens to the medium to check if the medium is idle. Once it is detected that the medium is idle, the node begins transmission. However, if during transmission the node detects a collision, the node sends a jam signal that notifies...
The OSI model provides the path for the data transmission process from one point to the other. In essence, the transmission process traverses the seven layers consecutively while the integrity of the packet or the datagram is maintained. Initially, the packet is assigned a logical address which is usually an...
The use of television in election campaigns has been very instrumental in persuading voters to vote either way since the era of U.S President J.F. Kennedy. In fact, televised campaigns were later found to be the most powerful tool for not only reaching potential voters but also influencing their opinions...
The difference between the integrated hardware and the software control codes is that hardware involves saving the control codes in a tangible material. For example, the data being saved involved the use of a computer. In simple knowledge, the computer comprises the hardware and the software system. The hardware coding...
The importance of freedom of speech and expression cannot be overemphasized in present-day society because they are part of the universal human rights chapter. However, it is equally important to acknowledge the limitations surrounding these freedoms, such as defamation, contempt of court, state security, and similar issues (because with every...
The majority of problems that exist in the modern world can be vised as a result of the colonial system that had been used by giant empires for the bigger part of the world’s history. For instance, Tweets by Teju Cole can be analysed by applying the post-colonial theory. In...
The play Antigone by Sophocles provides us with a wonderful piece of ancient Greek literature, which reflects the views, customs, and traditions that ruled that society. Based on the Theban legend, the play is focused on the destiny of Antigone, the daughter of Oedipus. As seen in the passage taken...
One of the questions that dominate the political theory is who has better chances to seize power in society and whether all people can have access to power in one capacity or another. Over the last few decades, the political field has seen the formation of two opposing theories: structuralist...
One way through which parties can evolve is through their number as well as the different philosophies or ideas which they stand for or support. It is important to note that political parties are not static vehicles of change, but they respond to every stimulus within their environment of operation....
President Nixon’s foreign policy was manifested in the fact that he shifted the American ideological conflict with China and USSR towards a containment policy. Nixon foreign policy with China imperatively changed the course of US-China relations by visiting China in 1972. Explanation: R. Nixon repeatedly stated the necessity of changing...
The starting point of the heyday of American fine art can be considered the middle of the 19th century. Andy Warhol, Georgia O’Keeffe, Edward Hopper, and Jean-Michel Basquiat are universally recognized as the most talented, innovative, and famous American artists. It is thanks to them and many other painters that...
A Roman general was responsible for military activities, such as leading troops into battle and ensuring the expansion of the Roman Republic. A general would remind his soldiers that they were being closely watched, and that their bravery would be rewarded and their cowardice punished. A commander received various benefits...
One of the slogans of the world of Big Brother, at first sight, sounds rather conflicting and paradoxical: “war is peace.” Indeed, these two conceptions typically contradict each other, and people may ask themselves how fights, violence, and cruelty of wars can lead to harmony, peace, and quiet. However, in...
The democracies can be presidential and parliamentary. The parliamentary government is the one where the legitimate power to govern is granted to parliament; it is the most widely spread type of democracy in the world. “A parliament is a legislative body usually comprised of two houses of assembly”. Parliament is...
Automated testing is a process whereby a computer application is tested for errors or the extent to which it delivers the functionalities of the user using software designed specifically for that purpose. Test preconditions are used as input and the end results are report utility. This testing does not look...
There are numerous dissimilarities between cultures in American and Indian. The United States is a nation that is very diverse that makes American life as difficult as it is. There are lots of special regions in the US and occupy a continent. Above the method of several centuries, immigrants from...
Communication can only be effective once the context of the communication is taken into consideration. In certain societies or groups, meanings are constructed and expressed in different ways. For example, in individualist cultures, precedence is normally given to precision. Consequently, the more straightforward a message is, the more likely it...
Mencius, a famous and respected Confucianism teacher, often argued with other philosophers and statespeople. Similar to other ancient thinkers he often used logic and the power of words to construct his arguments. The analogy was one of his most frequently used techniques for convincing an opponent. Thus, in response to...
Test bias does explain the consistently reported differential test performance for a number of reasons. First of all, the bias may arise from the inherent features of its design such as online distribution where the control could be exercised only partially, and the possibility of providing assistance may be limited....
The Canadian Parliament really seems to have failed its public in law-making because of the distribution of power in it. There are diverse parliamentary committees that conduct many supplementary activities in addition to the work of Parliament in law-making; there are such committees as the Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development...
There exists a highly supported opinion that the Canadian legislature is clearly unrepresentative in the modern period of time. The support for this opinion can be found in the words of Lisa Young who was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary. This...
This paper is going to take the position that the world is not moving away from the US hegemonic power to a new system of world order. In doing so, the paper seeks to evaluate the United States with reference to parameters used to judge whether a country is super-powered...
Affirmative actions are the policies that are concerned with non-dominant groups, typically minority men or women of all races, which aim at promoting access to employment or education. Affirmative action desires to redress perceived or actual effects of current or past discrimination that is considered to be unfair and encourages...
In the essay “How Markets Corrupt Children,” Barber discusses and criticizes modern mass culture and consumerism, its impact on children, and their tastes. Barber states that consumerism was born for the third time in this century as a result of a complex combination of circumstances, not the least of which...
Herbert Hoover was born in 1874 and was the 31st president of the United States of America. He was the first president to be born west of the Mississippi River. He served as the United States commerce secretary in the 1920’s under the leadership of Warren Harding. During his tenure...
America is in a political and moral dilemma in trying to reconcile pluralism and includes nonwhites with democratic ideals that the founding fathers espoused. This is not the full meaning of democracy because racism needs to be overcome to gain the expression of E Pluribus Unum. Within the country’s walls,...
Under US state laws enunciated by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, it is illegal for American citizens to offer bribes, whether in cash or in-kind, in order to get favorable business dealings. Further, it is also seen that the international community has for long been considering the introduction of a...
Political democracy in America resulted from the significant market revolution and territorial expansion. Challenging property qualifications, which began in the American Revolution, reached a peak in the early nineteenth century. Even because the expansion of commercial agriculture and industry increased the number of wage earners in rural areas and cities,...
Analysts and scholars, such as Immanuel Kant, developed three schools of liberalism: reciprocity, identity, and interdependence. The first idea reveals that states can develop rules and organizations that have the potential to facilitate cooperation. The consideration of such federations ensures that countries are willing to cooperate. The concept that forms...
In the majority of hospitals, the tasks of optimization of the EHR are bestowed upon the IT specialist and, in the cases of large hospital networks, a unified IT department. They conduct frequent rundowns of the system, analyze its deficiencies, and perform repairs and optimizations as needed. One of the...
SAFER self-assessment in regards to contingency planning gave moderate-to-good overall results but also offered insights on some of the glaring deficiencies currently presented in the system. One of these deficiencies is the lack of ransomware prevention strategies. As it stands, the state of awareness among hospital personnel in regards to...
Careers in law enforcement include the posts of a police officer, highway patrol officer, detective, fire investigator, sheriff, bailiff, special agent of the U.S. Marshal Service or ‘federal marshal,’ corrections officer, and parole agent. The list is extended with the special agent of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), special...
The 20th century can be considered the age of critical changes in society. Humanity entered this period with patriarchal values and stereotypical judgments that had been relevant for the bigger part of history. These included gender and racial discrimination, male dominance, and the lack of tolerance. However, WWI and WWII...
Durkheim’s functionalism theory of society asserts that societies are structures with many parts that are interlinked together and work synergistically to meet the social and biological expectations of their members. Such a model, according to Durkheim, can guide anthropologists to get a clear understanding of the established norms, behaviors, and...
The human mind is a subject of many philosophical debates and a topic of interest for psychologists and cognitive scientists. Different faculties comprise the mind, including thinking, perception, imagination, and consciousness. Therefore, it can be used as a tool for achieving different goals. By thinking, we may generate new ideas...
The movie “Gangs of New York” has been discussed from variety of different perspectives; however, only very few people realise that it contains a strong political message, as opposed to being just another Hollywood flick, filled with violence and cheap sentiments. This was one of the reasons why I have...
Jacques Rousseau’s thoughts and writings are very highly characteristic of enlightenment beliefs. These latter thoughts and opinions were of the progressive-minded and liberal members of the society who wanted to see the constituents of society in good health and well-being, devoid of illness or despondency. It was also striking that...
In the case of IT planning, different methods may be employed at different stages. The scenario approach to planning is widely popular among business/IT professionals. It helps in considering alternate options. In this approach, teams of managers and other planners participate in what management author Peter Senge calls virtual world...
Artificial intelligence technologies are used to make decisions by the top-level management. Basically, AI is a field of science that is based on many disciplines such as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics, and engineering. With AI, computers can be developed to simulate the human thinking process and perform human...
IS has affected the structure and work roles of almost all the functions in an organizational infrastructure through maintaining and assessing the quality of its employees which conforms to the IT staffing, planning, recruiting, training, and retaining its staff. Limiting IT in the CEO or CTO position is outdated by...
The IS function of security for any organization, particularly in an online business organization, is to manage risk, whether real or perceived. IS in context with the risk management provides the tools to help the developers decide between inaction and action-to enable you to compare the losses incurred with inaction...
Prototyping is used in the design phase of the SDLC, whenever a new system model is built; particularly prototypes are used to give the end-user a convenience for manipulation. Prototypes are used within organizations as a significant tool for Systems Analysis and Design (SAD). Prototypes act as tools that are...
The Adobe team was divided into two groups: the creative team and the technical team. The goal of the creative team was to define the look and feel, i.e. the requirements for the user interface, design the user interface, and architect the user interface. The goal of the technical team was to develop the user interface components including...
C. Wright Mills is a prominent American sociologist whose works are influenced by the writings of Weber, and Mannheim. In his scientific studies, Mills also follows the ideas of Marxism. One of the concepts developed by Mills is the sociological imagination. This term indicates the existence of the interconnection between...
The issue of government interference and involvement in the personal affairs of individuals has been met with fiery resistance all down the years. As mentioned in the article ‘#1 Habeas Corpus for any person’, there seems to be a paranoid fear that the government would bring in draconian measures and...
Shalom suggests that the word science in political science reflects the belief by some that the political world can be studied in the same manner as the physical world that just as physicists have discovered formulas to express the relationship between physical phenomena and so too will political scientists find...
The relationship between the President and the congress is dependent on a myriad of other relationships, top on it being whether the government is acting in unity or divided altogether. The other dominant factor that cannot be ignored is the prevailing relationship between the President and his or her party....
Definitely, the destiny and poetry of two great English poets, John Donne and Andrew Marvell were connected. Still, if we compare the lyrics of the poets we would see that despite the fact that they both were representatives of the metaphysical poetic school. John Donne and Andrew Marvell dedicated their...
As Genovese observes, the former presidents “exercised legitimate emergency powers in the midst of crises”. The act that the President can lead the Congress emanates from the constitutional powers the President has. The available tools of leadership are derived from the constitution itself. For instance, the President is the Chief...
A remarkable film in American cinematography, Psycho, created by Alfred Hitchcock owes its success not only to the outstanding director but also to a prominent composer Bernard Hermann. The soundtrack to the movie changed the overall attitude to music in filmmaking. Since the 1960s, music, and sounds have acquired a...
Church members are humans who deal with a variety of complex emotions and social situations. These can bring negative emotions into the church, such as jealousy, betrayal, and anger, which can occur either between parish members or as a result of outside influence. These aspects can create hostility and bitterness...
According to Samovar et al. (2017), intercultural communication and global governance are now more important than ever because of the progressing globalization, demographic changes, and ecological and political issues. In demographic terms, the authors illustrate their point by a graph of the world’s population growth, demonstrating that the population of...
A three-year-old child is more eager to interact with other people and understand their expectations. The rate at which a child develops his or her language skills may vary greatly while remaining within the normal spectrum. Some children I know are rather talkative and communicate in full sentences, whereas others...
There are so many imagery strategies. The most used and most effective strategy to enhance memory is visual imagery. It is the mental representation of the stimuli when it is not actually present. Different studies done in laboratories shows that the cerebral cortex gets actively charged activated during visual imagery....
Terrorism as an act of violence has been practiced by different individuals and groups to attain religious or political goals. During the French Revolution that occurred in 1789-1799, the Jacobins imposed a reign of terror throughout the country. The terms terrorism and terrorist are rooted in this incident. During the...
Windows 7’s primary feature is its improved graphics, which made the given OS better looking. Another key feature is the fact that Windows 7 provided a much smoother experience to its users compared to previous versions, such as Windows Vista or Windows XP. In addition, Windows Defender in Windows 7...
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act’s (HIPAA) Privacy Rule is designed to equalize and standardize the amount of data security and privacy on the federal level. It eliminates the gaps in client confidentiality among various health information holding or transferring entities. It includes three major safeguards, such as administrative, physical,...
At least once, any person becomes obsessed with a thought about God’s existence, look, abilities, and intentions. Some people believe in his powers and goal to support and control people and provide opportunities that challenge and encourage them. Philosophers like Rowe introduce God as an independent creator or a supernatural,...
It should be noted that the concept of frailty had originated from the works of biogerontologists, but it gained increasing importance in recent decades due to its significance for more broad issues related to aging. In general, it is possible to characterize frailty in the following way: it is a...
Frank Lloyd Wright is famous for his contribution to the design and development of a movement of Organic Architecture. He insisted that the buildings should be constructed with an emphasis on the domestic vernacular features, meaning their correspondence to the needs of their inhabitants. Wright advocated for the simplicity proportional...
An online learning environment entails the conveyance of information electronically. It is essentially a computer-based and network-supported technology that enables the transfer of knowledge and skills, which include web-based, computer-based, digital collaboration, and virtual classroom actions. I have adopted a learning environment that uses a computer that is network-supported, simply...
The poem “My Homework” by Michael Rawlinson is direct, candid, and depicts a majority of students nowadays. It shows a challenged student who accepts easy from difficult tasks or assignments. It is very notable that he is one student who dislikes doing homework. In fact, he admits that whenever he...
“Ode to a Nightingale” by John Keats is among his most personal and longest odes and describes the poet’s voyage into a condition of negative capability. The essential premise of the text explores mortality, humanity, and the natural world and these themes honestly submit to his brother, Tom’s death. The...
Various examples of dreams and their interpretation are available due to the work of many psychologists and others interested in the phenomenon of people. Many philosophers paid attention to the truth of dreams implementation in the real life. Sigmund Freud wrote about dreams as arches of further actions in a...
It is important to understand the basics of epigenetic changes, which occur in DNA. There are many molecular mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming, which include DNA methylation, as well as processes leading to a change in chromatin state, non-coding RNA. Important and relatively recently discovered factors of epigenetic reprogramming are the...
The use of genetically engineered microorganisms is a practice that has been occurring since the 1970s. Due to the broad spectrum of applications for bioremediation, as human interference is causing enormous damage to the environment, this has become a promising field of study. The bioengineered microbes are created by identifying...
Science is an enterprise through which a specific type of ordered knowledge about natural phenomena is acquired through controlled observations and theoretical interpretations. A scientific theory explains the modeling of logical constructs into which the known facts related to a theoretical domain, or phenomenon, may be fitted. Therefore, a theory...
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the United States. In fact, Article III of the U.S. Constitution states that “the judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain...
Androgens such as testosterone influence the brain and behavior in two ways. First, they act prenatally and during early infancy to organize the brain. Second, circulating androgens in later adolescence and adulthood mediate behavior by altering the activity of target neural systems. Davis (2000), in fact, claims that there may...
Being sexually harassed as a teenager leads to several negative effects. The teenager victims get a feeling of powerlessness such that throughout their lives, they would feel that they have no control of their own lives. Feelings of lacking choices to offer their bodies some protection. These teenagers live with...
Most historians trace the making of the modern Middle East right before the 1918 fall of the Ottoman Empire all the way to the 1956 exit of European powers from the Middle Eastern region; consequently, the time span is between 1914 and 1956. 1918 marked the entry of Britain and...
The First World War was distinct from other former nineteenth century wars because of a number of reasons; the first being that it involved a vast number of nations. Austria Hungary, Germany and Turkey compromised the central powers while Italy, Russia, France, Britain, US, Romania, Greece, Portugal and Japan represented...
A statistical hypothesis is a guess regarding a population consideration. Hypothesis testing is a vital component of statistical implications. To prepare a test, some kind of assumption should be used, which is easy to do using tools like a hypothesis generator. The reason is that either it is supposed to...
The global population experiences at present a very rapid growth. This rise is so fast that it has been described as the global population explosion. The size population in the world is 6 billion. According to the projections, 9 billion people will be living in the world by 2050. It...
Personality is a collection of characteristics, thoughts, behaviors, feelings, attitudes, approaches, all of which, in unison, make up a complete individual. There are several factors that impact the development of personality, and humanistic theorists like Maslow and Rogers emphasize rationality, consciousness, and freedom of thought and action when studying personality....
Maslow’s theory of self-actualization postulates that human motives can be organized into a hierarchy of needs, which is a systematic arrangement of needs of an individual on the basis of priority of fulfillment of needs. According to Maslow, the most basic physiological needs of individuals, including food, water, sleep, shelter,...
The British colonization of the North American region spans from the late 16th century, these colonies were located in the north, central and south America, including the Caribbean islands. These colonies had religious freedom and exhibited a unique art identity common to the states. The sprouting of democracy in America...
The word terrorism is linked to the Latin word, ‘terrere’, which means to scare. Terrorism can be defined as the menace or the use of compulsive violence against civilians or a government that is aimed at inspiring fear, intimidating people, causing death or bodily harm or damage of property. Acts...
Terrorists take into consideration a number of core factors before selecting a target to launch their terrorist acts. These factors include recognition, Coercion, intimidation, and provocation. The consideration of the recognition is based on the terrorist belief that high visibility targets will attract the biggest media attention and thus magnify...
Evolution has it that mammals evolved from reptiles. As explained by Klappenbach on ‘An Introduction to Mammals,’ mammals evolved from “a group of reptiles known as Therapsids.” The adaptations that mammals acquired in favor of their reptile ancestors, is the ability to control their body temperature or a situation known...
Discussing the interpretation of Igbo traditions in the book Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe, it may be concluded that they are both similar and different from Western traditions. First of all, it should be mentioned that the book describes the period of great changes in the lives, traditions, and...
Comparing Plato’s philosophy and Hobbes’ perception of the world, the concepts presented by both are rather controversial. In particular, the most contradicting questions are the philosophers’ deliberations on the human nature and knowledge, on the definition of justice, on politics, and on the social and ethical issues. Considering their vision...
An important class of cryptographic algorithms is Message Authentication Codes (MAC) algorithms. Such algorithms are designed to ensure message integrity and authentication of their source. To do this, the MAC produced by such an algorithm is added to the message – a binary set depending on the message and on...
Elliptic cryptography is a section of cryptography that studies asymmetric systems of encryptions on the basis of elliptic curvatures on the finite fields. The primary advantage of using the elliptic encryption approach is the fact that current sub-exponential algorithms are fully capable to decode it. RSA and its derivatives are...
When preparing to collect and analyze qualitative data, several issues should be considered. One of them is the cost of the research, as in most cases it will require quite some budget: paying for the interviewers and collectors of the data, the software, specialists to decode and analyze the information....
The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted cosmological model that seeks to explain the development of the universe. In the beginning, considerable energies became concentrated at one place, thereby producing a reactionary expansion that caused a big explosion now known as the Big Bang. This model explains that...
The human mind is responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain that includes consciousness, thought, and reasoning. These cognitive processes work together with physiological systems to produce a notion of existence. It is through existence that humans are capable of perceiving our surroundings, a key influencer of our thoughts...
The development of any research is based on how well a person can introduce the chosen philosophical approach. Subjective qualities of perception have to be shaped by past knowledge and present values. Therefore, the identification of values becomes an obligatory step in research. I would like to pay close attention...
The discussions presented will attempt to provide information that can assist the reader in identifying important reasons behind selection criteria and any advantages or aspects behind the use of the methods identified. Just as it was observed that a study is often a step-by-step process where individual stages are related,...
Research has shown that locals had no problem living with foreigners in the same place. This is because foreigners brought resources closer to them than before. However, the violence started because locals believed that foreigners were taking a lot of space and prevented them from expanding their activities, especially in...
Though warfare and terrorism are defined as the forms of armed conflict, the aim of which is to defeat an enemy, the difference between them, including the frequency and intensity of violence, cannot be neglected. Compared to war, terrorism is characterized by asymmetrical nature without a clear beginning and end....
With regards to the conclusions that the author reaches in the book, it appears that Equiano strives to prove that anything is possible in case the person dreams about it, and works hard in order to achieve it. The author related numerous pieces of evidence of this idea demonstrating that...
The connection between personal life and external factors such as economic and political changes might seem barely tangible. Yet, it has rather significant power on how one builds relationships with the community. For instance, the problem of the gender pay gap and gender disparities in the workplace, in general, remains...
At present, I may not have a perceived concept of masculinity as a set of components that constituent a single notion. On the one hand, there are certain characteristics that I deem as masculine, such as a voice of specific depth and physiological characteristics. However, there is no single image...
There are two categories of research designs. The first category is the quantitative research design. As far as this category of research design is concerned, a person resolute the link in between 1 item that an autonomous/independent and a different variable that is a reliant/dependent variable within a certainly given...
Behaviorally, males will tend to work towards the provision of certain conditions that create security for the family in a mainly physical way. The actions and behaviors that come with this aspect include the man being with the family in the belief that in case of an attack, he should...
Dreams are one of the most fascinating things for people; during ancient times, lots of scientists and philosophers wanted to examine what our dreams were made of, and how it was possible to analyze all those dreams. So, dream analysis is considered to be as oldest in this world. Sigmund...
My choices of invitation for the three most influential persons that have ever lived to my dinner reservation would be Berra Biricik, Immanuel Kant, and Gabriel García Márquez. Berra Biricik, because of her professional mentorship and personal advice that shaped my life. Immanuel Kant, a great philosopher whose ideologies on...
Youths are associated with social class, race, gender, and sexuality, for they are influenced under the umbrella of their parental guidance in childhood and have seen the traces of subcultures and youth cultures to the relation between the class ‘parent culture’ and hegemony in the socio-economic structure. This involves a...
The Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate, trade, generate knowledge, and entertain each other. Although less so in recent years, the Internet has been a safe haven for anyone to say and do things they would never say and do in real life. The free access to every piece...
The progress of computer technology continues to change society. For example, smart scales help millions of people around the world keep track of weight, percentage of body fat, etc. Some of them can even calculate daily calorie intake as part of an online program for losing weight. Thus, weighing becomes...